Download Chapter 3: Reproduction

Chapter 3: Reproduction
Review
Name_________________
heredity- the passing of traits from parent to offspring
asexual reproduction- offspring coming from a single parent; it will be an exact copy of the parent
gene- a series of base pairs or rungs of DNA; sections of DNA that control the organisms makeup
sexual reproduction- reproduction of an offspring by two parents
egg cell- a sex cell of the female parent
sperm cell- a sex cell of the male parent
meiosis- a process in which sex cells form and divide
fertilization- the male cell and the female cell join to form a zygote
selective breeding- the process of selecting organisms with desirable traits to serve as parents to
offspring
1. Do heredity and environment both affect an organism’s characteristics? Explain.
Yes; in heredity the trait may be passed down to the offspring but if the trait or skill isn’t
practiced, developed, or if it’s deprived then it will not develop to its full potential.
Nature vs. nurture
2. List the forms of asexual reproduction.
Fission, budding, spores, runners, & regeneration
3. Why are chromosomes important?
They make each organism an individual and they give a map or blueprint for the organisms
structure.
4. During fertilization the egg cell and sperm cell unite to form a zygote. It receives half of its
chromosomes from its mother and half from its father. What is the result of this for the offspring?
It will receive a full set of chromosomes and be a mixture of mother and father.
5. How does a flowering plant attract pollinators?
Its bright colors and strong fragrance appeals to pollinators
6. Look at the following diagram of the flower. Match the number with the correct statement.
2
4
1
3
This is where pollination occurs.
The female part of the flower.
Where pollen grains are found.
This is where fertilization takes place.
7. Many animals that live in or near water reproduce by external fertilization. What are some
differences between external and internal fertilization.
External happens outside of the body while internal is inside the body; external requires moisture
for the eggs to develop; internal takes a long time for the embryo to develop
8. Using a T-chart compare asexual & sexual reproduction.
Asexual
Can happen quickly
Requires less energy
Needs one parents cell
Produces offspring with
identical DNA
Sexual
Is a slow process
Requires more energy
Must have two parent cells
Offspring have unique DNA
9. If both asexual & sexual organisms lived in the same pond and suddenly the temperature of the
pond were to increase dramatically, which one would be most likely to survive and why?
The sexual organisms would probably survive because they have their own unique DNA and those
that survive would pass this ability to survive these conditions on to their offspring.
10. What information is contained the base pairs of DNA?
All of that organism’s traits
11. What is the result when an error occurs and a strand of DNA does not make an exact copy of
itself during mitosis?
A mutation occurs
What about meiosis?
A mutation
12. What is a dominant trait?
A trait that mask another trait EX. Brown eyes dom. over blue
13. What is a recessive trait?
A version of a trait that is hidden or masked by the dominate trait
14. Who was the famous monk that studied traits of pea plants?
Gregor Mendel
15. Fill out the following Punnett Square for cattle coat color.
In cattle, brown coat is dominant (B), and white coat (b) is recessive.
a. What are the possible combinations of factors for a brown cow? BB or Bb
b. What is the combination of factors for a white cow? bb
c. Make a Punnett Square for a male brown-coated bull with two different factors and a
female white cow.
B
b
b
Bb
bb
b
Bb
bb
d. What ratio would best describe the offspring? 2:2 or 1:1
e. What percentage of the offspring would be brown? 50%
f. What percentage would be white? 50%