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World War 1
“The war to end all wars”
Time Line
DATE
1914: June
EVENT
Franz Archduke Ferdinand is assassinated
1914: July
Austria declares war on Serbia
1914: July August
1915 - 1916
Russia, France, and England go to war on Germany and
Austria
War goes back and forth, neither side can win [ Alliance
System: Both sides predict a quick and easy victory]
1916
All sides suffer (2 million killed) incredible losses at battles of
Verdun and Somme, no side wins
1917
USA enters World War 1 after the sinking by Germany
submarine of Lusitanian + 128 Americans killed. Russian
communist revolution and civil war, Russia quits WW1
1918: March
Russia quits the war and has a revolution
Allies and USA defeat Germany@ 2nd battle of the Marne
1918: July
1918: November
Germany defeated. Treaty of Versailles ends WW1 in 1919
(by armistice cease-fire, no peace treaty)
Military Aspects: Technology Applied to War
1. World-wide involvement: All major nations of the world were fighting at the
same time for the first time in history.
2. New Weapons: Tanks, Poison Gas, Airplanes, Submarines, Dirigibleairships, giant artillery guns, and railroad cannon.
3. Naval Warfare: Use of Submarine warfare sunk millions of tons of
supplies. Germany’s submarines were effectively blockaded, largest naval
battle in history at Jutland.
Mr. Simon - World History
World War 1
Background Info. - “The war to end all wars”
Start of European alliances or defense agreements.
1. Triple alliance (Germany, Austria - Hungary, and Italy)
2. Agree to defend each other if attacked
3. Triple entente (France, Britain, and Russia): Agree to defend each other.
Fundamental causes of World War 1
1. Nationalism: Intense patriotism assured popular support for warlike
measures and military aggression
2. Imperialism: Powerful countries desired to increase their land by attacking
weaker nations
3. Militarism: Each country sought military superiority over everyone else.
Millions of money spent on training and equipping huge armies + navy’s
with modern weapons, machine guns, tanks, and air planes.
4. International anarchy: -> No peace institutions. There was no effective
way to settle quarrels and disagreements among nations on a world-wide
scale-basis
5. The Alliance System divides Europe into 2 rival camps
Immediate causes:
1. Archduke Franz Ferdinand is assassinated in June 1914 by a Serbian
student... Austria declares war on Serbia. The alliance system legally
requires allies to support each other. Most of Europe declares war on
each other.
USA remains strongly anti-war and isolationist. President Woodrow Wilson is
reelected by his promise to “Keep us out of war”.
Mr. Simon - World History
World War 1
End of World War 1: Peace, Plans, and Effects
President Woodrow Wilson: 14 points were proposed before the end of WW1
calling for a lasting peace. His program was widely praised in Europe but
rejected by the American people and dismissed by congress.
The Provisions of the 14 points: [1] Open treaties of peace. [2] Freedom of the
seas. [3] Removal of trade barriers. [4] Reduction of armaments. [5] Impartial
adjustment of colonial claims with due regard for the interests of the native
people. [6] Adjustment of European boundaries based on nationality. [7] Right of
any national group to self-determination. [8] Establishment of a League of
Nations to mediate and solve global conflicts. Etc. 9 - 14 details
1919: Treaty of Versailles with Germany
1. Different allied objectives. The problem with the treaty that ended WW1
were many. The leaders if the USA and Europe all wanted different
objectives:
A) David Lloyd George the Prime minister of the United Kingdom
wanted to expand England’s colonial power, preserve its naval and
industrial power, and “make Germany pay for the war”
B) Georges Clemen Leau. The premier of France wanted to make
France safe against future German invasion andd then weaken
Germany military, financially and take territory from Germany as a
buffer zone on its east border.
C) US president Woodrow Wilson sought to provide a just peace and
create a better and safer world for democracy “through his 14
points”
Major treaty provisions:
A) Major territorial changes! Germany lost the Alsace-Lorraine province
on its west border to France.
2. Border reigns in the North to Denmark and begin
3. Parts of its eastern border to Poland.
4. Seaport of Dazing was given to Poland
A) Germany was forced to give all colonial territory to the allies
B) Near total disarmament: Germany lost its air force, submarines,
battleships and were forbidden to manufacture war materials and
equipment
C) War guilt and reparations: Germany was forced to accept sole
responsibility for causing the war and were forced to pay $3 billion
per year for the next 30 years.
Social results of WW1: 10 million KIA, 20 million wounded mass famine and
disease and poverty.
Economic: Cost of WW1 = $350 billion lowered living standards in France. It
caused Russian revolution in 1917.
Political: 3 major monarchs lost power and many nations turned to dictators.
Mr. Simon - World History
World War 1
Mr. Simon - World History