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Year 11 anatomy test 1. During a match a player builds up an oxygen debt. What is an oxygen debt? 2. If a player has built up an oxygen debt will she have been working aerobically or anaerobically? 3. What by product is associated with oxygen debt? 4. State two ways in which the performer could help to remove this by product. 5. An increase in breathing rate is an example of: Long term benefit of exercise A poor level of fitness An immediate effect of exercise An effect of regular training 6. Name the term described in each of the following statements: The amount of air breathed in or out of the lungs in one breath The maximum amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after breathing in as much as possible The amount of oxygen consumed during recovery above that which would have been ordinary been consumed in the same time at rest. 7. Which of the following statements correctly identifies the effects of smoking on sports performers? Carbon dioxide in cigarette smoke reduces oxygen available to the muscles. Haemoglobin prefers carbon monoxide so more oxygen is carried out of the lungs. Cardiovascular endurance is not affected by smoking, but speed is, so the sprinter cannot run as fast Recovery in endurance athletes is slower as a reduced amount of oxygen gets to the muscles due to carbon monoxide in cigarette smoke. 8. The following questions relate to the effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system. For each question decide whether A, B, C or D is correct. A - Statement true, example true B – Statement true, example false C – Statement false and example true D – Statement false and example false Statement (a) Regular training has an effect on the circulatory system. (b) An immediate effect of exercise is an increase in heart rate. (c) Exercise has no long term benefit of regular exercise on the cardiovascular system. Example An increase in heart rate Heart rate increases from 65 bpm to 75 bpm. Lower resting heart rate. Examiner’s comment: Firstly you should read the information in the table. So, start by reading the statements, if you think they are true put a tick in the box, or if you think they are wrong put a cross. Then do the same for the examples. Then look at the statements and the example and see which potential answer A, B, C or D is matched. 9. Write in your own words what is meant by cardiovascular fitness. 10. Suggest three ways in which you can improve cardiovascular fitness. 11. Name three activities where high levels of cardiovascular fitness would be crucial to performance. 12. Ali plays badminton for the school team but is frightened of losing his place due to his lack of fitness. He has decided to plan a Personal Exercise Programme (PEP) to help him improve his fitness for badminton. State TWO long term benefits you would expect Ali’s training to have on his cardiovascular system. 13. Which of the following best describes cardiac output? The amount of times your heart beats per minute. The amount of blood leaving the heart per minute. The amount of blood leaving the heart per beat. The amount of blood leaving the heart per breath. 14. What effects will long term training have on the heart muscle and the chambers of the heart? 15. What effect will long term training have on your resting heart rate and stroke volume? 16. During a game, players will work at varying intensities. Sometimes they will be walking or jogging, at other times they will need to sprint. What happens to the players’ heart rates as they change workload? This change in activity would have a similar effect on cardiac output. What is cardiac output? Why is it important to a performer that cardiac output changes when exercising at varying intensities? 17. Name 3 factors that may have a negative affect on the cardiovascular system 18. Cholesterol is a fatty substance carried in the blood by lipoproteins, these come in two forms. What are these called and which of the two is bad for your heart? 19. Write down three ways in which increased strength would benefit you in your daily life. 20. Name the muscle responsible for bending the arm at the elbow joint. 21. After a tennis player strikes the ball, the racket arm will follow through so that it moves across the body. Name the muscle responsible for adducting the upper arm at the shoulder. 22. Exercises can be isotonic or isometric. Explain the terms: Isotonic Isometric 23. As a badminton player stretches to reach the shuttlecock she has to stop suddenly due to a great pain in her hamstring. What type of injury is she likely to have sustained? 24. Sprinters suffer from muscle injuries. A balanced diet can help recovery after injury. What food group aid growth and repair of tissues? 25. What type of treatment would you apply if you had suffered from a muscle injury? 26. What is meant by the following terms: Hypertrophy Muscle atrophy 27. There are three parts to a warm-up can you name and explain each of the three parts. 28. What is the purpose of a warm-up (4 marks) 29. One function of the skeleton is to enable movement. State another function of the skeleton. Give an example of the use of this function when participating in physical activity. 30. What type of injury is a twisted ankle? A Fracture B Deep bruising C Strain D Sprain 31. Which of the following sports injuries would be treated using RICE/ A Fracture B Concussion C Sprain D Hypothermia 32. Which foodstuffs provide us with the mineral we require to keep our bones healthy, particularly when we are young and when we are getting old? 33. Which condition are old people likely to suffer from if they lack this mineral in their diet? 34. The correct type of exercise can help to strengthen bones. Suggest another way in which John can maintain the strength of his bones throughout his life. 35. What type of sports injuries or conditions has the following symptoms? Swelling of tissue, distortion of natural shape and difficulty in moving the injured part. Pain around the elbow. 36. What types of injuries are treated using RICE? 37. What do the letters R I C E stand for? 38. What body tissue adds stability to the knee joint? 39. John is training for rugby and he dislocates his shoulder. Explain what a dislocation is. 40. Sports performers may suffer a range of sports injuries. Select one of the letters A, B, C or D for the correct combinations of injuries. A Sprain, strain, concussion B Tennis elbow, strain, concussion C Tennis elbow, sprain, strain D Tennis elbow, golfer’s elbow, sprain, strain, concussion 41. Which injuries would normally be associated with badminton? 42. Which of these nutrients aids bone development? Fibre Minerals Carbohydrate