Download December Final 2013

December Final 2013
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Figure 4-1
1.
Figure 4-1 shows that the processes involved in the rock cycle include all of the following
EXCEPT ____.
a. condensation
c. weathering
b. erosion
d. compaction
a.
b.
c.
d.
2.
The rock cycle shown in Figure 4-1 indicates that each type of rock can ____.
provide materials to make other rocks
form other rocks
be changed by forces at Earth's surface
all of the above
3.
The ____ in Figure 4-1 shows how one rock changes into another.
a. rock cycle
c. formation of crystals
b. melting process
d. none of the above
4.
Figure 4-1 shows that sedimentary rocks are changed to sediments by ____.
a. compaction
c. cementation
b. weathering and erosion
d. heat and pressure
5.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Magma from deep inside Earth rises toward the surface because ____.
it is denser than surrounding solid rock
it is less dense than surrounding solid rock
it has the same density as surrounding solid rock
none of the above
6.
The youngest rocks on the ocean floor are located ____.
a. near continents
c. far from mid-ocean ridges
b. at mid-ocean ridges
d. near Asia
7.
The result of plate movement can be seen at ____.
a. abyssal plains
c. plate centers
b. ocean margins
d. plate boundaries
8.
The hypothesis that continents have slowly moved to their current locations is called ____.
a. continental drift
c. magnetic reversal
b. continental slope
d. convection
9.
Plates move apart at ____ boundaries.
a. convergent
c. divergent
b. stable
d. transform
10.
The boundary between two plates moving together is called a ____.
a. divergent boundary
c. transform boundary
b. convergent boundary
d. lithosphere
11.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Seafloor spreading occurs because ____.
new material is being added to the asthenosphere
earthquakes break apart the ocean floor
sediments accumulate at the area of spreading
molten material beneath Earth's crust rises to the surface
12.
____ currents inside Earth might drive plate motion.
a. Vertical
c. Horizontal
b. Convection
d. none of the above
13.
In order to complete a convection current, the rising material must eventually ____ Earth.
a. stop inside
c. sink back into
b. cool
d. warm
Figure 10-1
14.
According to Figure 10-1, what type of plate boundary occurs between the North American Plate and
the Eurasian Plate?
a. transform boundary
b. divergent boundary
c. convergent oceanic-continental plate boundary
d. convergent oceanic-oceanic plate boundary
15.
When the force on rocks is great enough, they break, producing vibrations called ____.
a. faults
c. strains
b. earthquakes
d. stresses
16.
____ is the force that squeezes rocks together.
a. Tension
c. Elastic limit
b. Shear
d. Compression
17.
____ is the force that pulls rocks apart.
a. Tension
c. Elastic limit
b. Shear
d. Compression
18.
____ is the force that causes plates to move sideways past each other.
a. Tension
c. Elastic limit
b. Shear
d. Compression
19.
The most destructive seismic wave are ____.
a. primary waves
c. P-waves
b. secondary waves
d. surface waves
20.
The point in Earth's interior where the energy release of an earthquake occurs is the ____.
a. focus
c. fault
b. epicenter
d. inner core
21.
The magnitude of an earthquake is measured by the ____.
a. Richter scale
c. modified Mercalli scale
b. moho discontinuity
d. elastic limit
22.
a.
b.
c.
d.
One factor that determines whether a volcanic eruption will be quiet or explosive is ____.
the number of cinder cones
the height of the volcano's vent
the amount of water vapor and other gases trapped in the magma
the amount of tephra in the magma
23.
All of the following conditions help preserve organisms as fossils EXCEPT ____.
a. quick burial by sediments
c. protection from scavengers
b. hard parts
d. activities of microorganisms
24.
Determining the order of events and the relative age of rocks by examining the position of rocks in a
sequence is called ____.
a. absolute dating
c. relative dating
b. radiometric dating
d. radiocarbon dating
25.
A limestone bed containing fossils that are 550 million years old is ____ a bed of sandstone
containing fossils that are 400 million years old.
a. younger than
c. older than
b. the same age as
d. not related to
26.
____ dating uses the properties of atoms in rocks and other objects to find their ages.
a. Comparative
c. Approximate
b. Absolute
d. Relative
27.
If a layer of sandstone lies on top of a layer of limestone in which a 300-million-year-old fossil is
found, and there are no unconformities, the layer of sandstone must be ____.
a. older than 300 million years
c. about 300 million years old
b. younger than 300 million years
d. older than 600 million years
28.
With ____ dating, a rock's exact age can be determined, whereas with ____ dating, a rock's age is
compared to the ages of other rocks.
a. absolute, relative
c. true, absolute
b. relative, absolute
d. relative, approximate
29.
Changes in the environment result in ____.
a. geologic eras
c. plate tectonic changes
b. physical changes in species
d. all of the above
30.
Cenozoic Era life-forms include ____.
a. humans
c. marine mammals
b. reptiles
d. all of the above
31.
The development of ____ factored in the development of complex organisms.
a. ozone
c. cyanobacteria
b. oxygen
d. all of the above
32.
Plate tectonics may affect organic evolution because movement of plates may cause a change in ____.
a. natural selection
c. Pangaea
b. the environment
d. the geologic time scale
33. The division of Earth’s history into smaller units makes up the ____.
a. eras
c. periods
b. geologic time scale
d. sequence of events
34. If a species can adapt to a changing environment, or ____, its descendants will survive.
a. evolve
c. stay the same
b. become extinct
d. none of the above
35. What is the best measure of biodiversity?
a.
b.
c.
d.
the amount of fragmentations
the temperature and precipitation in an area
the number of species in an area
the number of organisms in an area
36. Which of the following is the biggest threat to biodiversity?
a.
b.
c.
d.
exotic species introduction
pollution
habitat fragmentation
habitat loss
37. The biosphere includes all the air, land and water where _________exists.
a.
b.
c.
d.
soil
coral
an abiotic factor
life
38. An invasive species can have negative effects on our __________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
economy
environment
health
all of the above
39. Definition of an ecosystem is ________________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
the community of organisms together with the environment in which they live
the abiotic component of a habitat
the part of the earth and its atmosphere which inhibits living organisms
a community of organisms interacting with one another
40. Why is biodiversity valuable and desirable to humans?
a.
b.
c.
d.
for medicinal purposes
for agricultural diversity
for consumption use
all of the above
41. Which branch of science studies fossils?
a.
b.
c.
d.
paleontology
physics
astronomy
geology
42. The model of evolution as a slow process is ______________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
metamorphosis
adaptation
chemosynthesis
gradualism
43. According to Darwin’s theory of evolution, differences between species may be the result of
___________
a.
b.
c.
d.
the disuse of body structures
the transmission of acquired characteristics
natural selection
mutagenic agents
44. Which group of humans, apes and monkeys belong to?
a.
b.
c.
d.
primates
invertebrates
canines
rodents
45. Important abiotic factors in ecosystems include which of the following?
a.
b.
c.
d.
temperature
water
wind
all of the above