Download French Grammar Note 13 – The Conjunction “parce que”

French Grammar Index - Métro 1
Module 1
1. The Indefinite Article
2. Negation - Saying you haven't any
3. Adjectives of Colour
Module 2
4. Towns and Countries - Saying "in" or "to" a town or country
5. Adjectives of Nationality
6. Possessive Adjectives - "my" and "your"
7. The Plural of Nouns
8. The Definite Article
9. The Plural of Adjectives
10. Pronouns
11. The verb "avoir" - Saying what you have
12. The verb "être" - Saying what you are like
Module 3
13. The conjunction "parce que"
14. The verb "faire" - "to do"
15. Regular er verbs - arriver-écouter-jouer-manger-parler-travailler
16. Possessive adjectives - "his" and "her"
17. Adjectives of colour - which do not change
Module 4
18. faire + de - Saying what you do
19. Negation - Saying you don't
20. Aimer + the Infinitive
21. Asking questions
22. Irregular verbs - re (lire-dire-écrire), ir (sortir), + aller
Module 5
23. The "nous" form of the verb
24. The preposition près de +
25. The plural of verbs - nous / vous / ils / elles
26. On - "one"
27. Prepositions - sous / sur / dans /par terre
28. être and avoir - full verb tables (Revision)
Module 6
29. aller - full verb table
30. aller+ the Infinitive - The Near Future tense
31. à + - to the
32. More prepositions
French Grammar Note 1
The Indefinite Article
Translating a into French
1) a is called the Indefinite Article e.g. a book; a rubber
2) In French there are 2 words for a
un
with masculine nouns
une
with feminine nouns
3) The dictionary tells us if a word is masculine or feminine
e.g. livre (m)
règle (f)
stylo (m)
gomme (f)
4) Therefore we know it is;
un livre
but
un stylo
but
une règle
une gomme
French Grammar Note 2
Saying What You have not got
1) To say you have not got a pen or a pencil :you do not use-----
un stylo or un crayon.
2) Instead you use de:e.g. Je n'ai pas de stylo. = I do not have a pen.
Je n'ai pas de crayon. = I do not have a pencil.
3) You apply this rule to any object :e.g Je n'ai pas de gomme. = I do not have a rubber.
Je n'ai pas de cahier. = I do not have a jotter.
Je n'ai pas de livre. = I do not have a book.
Je n'ai pas de trousse. = I do not have a pencil-case.
French Grammar Note 3
Adjectives of colour
1. Adjectives are describing words.
2. Adjectives of colour describe the colour of something.
3. In French adjectives of colour follow the noun they are describing.
e.g. un crayon rouge = a red pencil (The French say a pencil red)
4. The spelling of the colour adjective depends on whether it describes a masculine or
a feminine noun.
Masculine
un crayon
Feminine
une trousse
(red)
orange
(pink)
(yellow)
rouge
orange
rose
jaune
rouge
orange
rose
jaune
Both M and F
(blue)
(black)
(green)
(grey)
(brown)
bleu
noir
vert
gris
brun
bleue
noire
verte
grise
brune
e
is added
in the
feminine
(white)
(purple)
blanc
violet
blanche
violette
Add
Add
(brown)
marron
marron
No change
*If you want to describe more than 1 thing just add s
e.g.
deux crayons bleus
trois trousses bleues
deuz stylos blancs
trois gommes blanches
are the same
he
te
French Grammar Note 4
Towns and Countries
How to say you live in a town or in a country:1) The names of countries are mostly feminine:
e.g la France
l'Ecosse
la Belgique
l'Italie
la Grande-Bretagne
l'Irlande
l'Angleterre
l'Allemangne
l'Autriche
2) A small number of countries are masculine:
e.g. le pays de Galles
le Canada
le Portugal
le Danemark
le luxembourg
le Japon
3) To say in or to with a feminine country we use en
e.g. J'habite en Écosse. = I live in Scotland.
Je vais en France. = I'm going to France.
4) To say in or to with a masculine country we use au
e.g J'habite au pays de Galles. = I live in Wales.
Je vais au Luxembourg. = I'm going to Luxembourg.
*(Je vais aux États-Unis. = I'm going to the U.S.A.)
*(Les États-Unis is Masculine Plural.)
5) To say in or to with a town we always use à
e.g. J'habite à Aberdeen. = I live in Aberdeen.
Je vais à Édimbourg. = I'm going to Edinburgh.
6) Therefore remember to use the correct words when you say the town and the
country in which you live.
e.g. J'habite à Aberdeen en Écosse.
French Grammar Note 5
Adjectives of Nationality
1) Words for nationalities, such as Scottish, English are adjectives, so they add an e
when describing a female or a feminine noun.
e.g.
Je suis
= I am
Il est
=He is
Masculine
écossais
anglais
gallois
irlandais
français
allemand
espagnol
Je suis
= I am
Elle est
=She is
Feminine
écossaise
anglaise
galloise
irlandaise
française
allemande
espagnole
Scottish
English
Welsh
Irish
French
German
Spanish
2) Like colour adjectives, some already end in an e.
e.g.
belge
suisse
belge
suissee
Belgian
Swiss
3) Some end in n. In the feminine they double the n and add e.
e.g
italien
canadien
australien
italienne
canadienne
australienne
Italian
Canadian
Australian
*(But not
américain
américaine
American)
French Grammar Note 6
Possessive Adjectives - "my" and "you"
1) The words "my" and "your" are called Possessive Adjectives because they say who
something belongs to.
2) Like other adjectives in French, they change according to whether the person or
thing they are describing is masculine, feminine or plural.
e.g.
my
your
m.
mon stylo
mon cahier
f.
ma trousse
ma gromme
pl.
mes livres
mes crayons
ton taille-crayon
ton ballon
ta règle
ta plante
tes feutres
tes gommes
French Grammar Note 7
The Plurals of Nouns
1) To talk about more than one of something, you need to use the plural.
2) In English most nouns are made plural by adding s.
e.g.
one brother
one pencil
two brothers
two pencils
3) The same applies in French with most nouns.
e.g.
un frère
un crayon
deux frères
deux crayons
4) But words which already end in s stay the same.
e.g.
une souris
deux souris
5) Some words make the plural by adding x.
e.g.
un oiseau
un bateau
un gâteau
deux oiseaux
deux bateaux
deux gâteaux
6) Some words take off l and add ux
e.g.
un animal
un cheval
deux animaux
deux chevaux
French Grammar Note 8
The Definite Article
1) We already know about "a" - The Indefinite Article. This refers to any one item, but
not a specific one.
e.g.
This means
un livre
a(any) book
*(des livres = some (any) books
and
une gomme
a (any) rubber.
des gommes = some (any) rubbers)
2) The Definite Article is "the". This does refer to a specific item.
e.g.
le livre bleu
la gomme blanche
This means the blue book and the white rubber, not any book and any rubber.
3) The French word for "the" - The Definite Article depends on whether it is
Masculine
Feminine
Plural
le
la
les
e.g.
le lapin gris
la souris blanche
les chats noir
= the grey rabbit
the white mouse
the black cats
4) If the noun begins with a vowel or a silent h, l' is used instead of le and la.
However les stays the same in the Plural.
e.g.
=
Masculine
l'oiseau jaune
the yellow bird
Feminine
l'araignée
the black spider
Plural
les oiseaux jaunes
the yellow birds
French Grammar Note 9
Plurals of Adjectives
1) Most French adjectives change to agree with the nouns they are describing. As you
have already learned, most adjectives add e in the feminine.
e.g.
masculine
feminine
noir
noire
grand
grande
*Some already end in e
timide
timide
2) When describing Plural Nouns, most adjectives add s to their masculine and
feminine singular form.
Singular
Plural
Masculine
Feminine
Masculine
Feminine
grand
grande
grands
grandes
petit
petite
petits
petites
timide
timide
timides
timides
bleu
bleue
bleus
bleues
3) Adjectives which end in s in the masculine singular do not change in the masculine
plural.
gris
grise
gris
grises
4) Adjectives which end in x in the masculine singular also do not change in the
masculine plural but x changes to se in the feminine.
ennuyeux
parresseux
ennuyeuse
paresseuse
ennuyeux
paresseux
ennuyeuses
paresseuses
5) Adjectives ending in f in Masculine change the f to ve in the Feminine.
sportif
sportive
sportifs
sportives
French Grammar Note 10
Pronouns
1) Pronouns stand in place of nouns. (Nouns are the people or thing you are talking
about)
2) This is the order in which we learn pronouns when we learn verbs.
je = I
tu = you (when you are talking to a friend or a young person in an informal situation)
il = he / it (a male person or a masculine object e.g. le livre)
elle = she / it (a female person or a feminine object e.g. la gomme)
on = you / we (when you are talking in general e.g. you/we see too much violence
on television nowadays.)
nous = we (when you talk about yourself and someone else)
vous = you (when you are talking to an adult / a stranger in a formal situation or to
more than one person)
ils = they (when you are talking about a group of males or a group of males and
females)
elles = they (when you are talking about a group of females)
French Grammar Note 11
"avoir" - Saying What You Have
1) "avoir" is an irregular French verb which means "to have"
2) Because it is irregular, it does not follow any regular pattern. Therefore we must
learn the verb table using all the pronouns from Grammar Note 10.
avoir
=
to have
j'ai
=
I have
tu as
=
you have
il a
=
he / it has
elle a
=
she / it has
on a
=
you / we have
nous avons =
we have
vous avez
=
you have
ils ont
=
they have
elles ont
=
they have
French Grammar Note 12
"être" - Saying What You Are Like
1) "être" is an irregular French verb which means "to be"
2) Because it is irregular, it does not follow any regular pattern. Therefore we must
learn the verb table using all the pronouns from Grammar Note 10.
être
=
to be
je suis
=
I am
tu es
=
you are
il est
=
he / it is
elle est
=
she / it is
on est
=
you / we are
nous sommes
=
we are
vous êtes
=
you are
ils sont
=
they are
elles sont
=
they are
French Grammar Note 13 – The Conjunction “parce que”
1) A conjunction is a joining word which is used to join 2 smaller sentences together.
2) We already know 2 conjunctions:et
mais
=
=
and
but
eg
a)
becomes
=
J’ai les cheveux blonds. J’ai les yeux bleus.
J’ai les cheveux blonds et j’ai les les yeux bleus.
I have blond hair and I have blue eyes.
b)
becomes
=
J’adore les maths. Je déteste l’anglais.
J’adore les maths mais je déteste l’anglais.
I love maths but I hate English.
3) parce que = because is also an important conjunction
eg
a)
becomes
=
J’adore le français. C’est super.
J’adore le français parce que c’est super.
I love French because it is super.
b)
becomes
=
Je déteste les sciences. C’est ennuyeux.
Je déteste les sciences parce que c’est ennuyeux.
I hate science because it is boring.
4) Using conjunctions makes your writing more interesting and will improve your
grades.
French Grammar Note 14 – The verb “faire” = to do
1) The verb “faire” means to do or to make.
2) It is an irregular verb, just like the 2 irregular verbs we have already learned (avoir =
to have, être = to be).
3) It does not follow any regular pattern and we must learn the verb table using all the
pronouns from Grammar Note 10.
faire = to do / to make
je fais
tu fais
il fait
elle fait
on fait
=
=
=
=
=
I do/make
you do/make
he does/makes
she does/makes
you/we do/make
nous faisons
vous faites
ils font
elles font
=
=
=
=
we make
you make
they make
they make
French Grammar Note 15 – Regular er Verbs – arriver – écouter – jouer – manger
– parler – travailler
1) Most verbs which end in er are Regular. This means they all follow a Regular
Pattern.
2) Regular er Verbs are the biggest group of French Verbs.
3) If you learn this Verb Table, it will help you with very many French Verbs.
4) jouer = to play
Take off er and add these endings to the stem jou:je joue
tu joues
il joue
elle joue
on joue
=
=
=
=
=
I play
you play
he plays
she plays
you/we play
nous jouons
vous jouez
ils jouent
elles jouent
=
=
=
=
we play
you play
they play
they play
5) You follow exactly the same pattern for arriver, écouter – manger – parler – travailler
and for all the other Regular er Verbs.
French Grammar Note 16 – Possessive Adjectives – his and her
1) We already know the Possessive Adjectives my and your.
2) We know that because they are adjectives they change to agree with the word they
describe.
eg
my
your
Masculine
mon stylo
ton chat
Feminine
ma trousse
ta perruche
Plural
mes livres
tes chiens
3) The words for his and her follow the same pattern.
his/her
his/her
his/her
Masculine
son frère
son cahier
son collant
Feminine
sa soeur
sa gomme
sa chemise
Plural
ses parents
ses crayons
ses chaussures
4) *Remember son frère can be his or her brother and sa soeur can be his or her sister.
5) Possessive Adjectives agree with the thing being described not the person who
possesses/owns the thing.
eg son collant =
sa chemise =
her tights (although it could be his tights)
his shirt (although it could be her shirt)
French Grammar Note 17 – Adjectives of Colour which do not change
1) In Grammar Note 3 we learned about colour adjectives which usually change to
agree with the noun they describe.
eg
Singular
Masculine Feminine
Plural
Masculine Feminine
un chat
noir
blanc
beige
deux chats
noirs
blancs
beiges
une perruche
noire
blanche
beige
deux perruches
noires
blanches
beiges
2) Some adjectives do not change in the Feminine and Plural
marron
orange
bleu clair
bleu marine
vert foncé
vert olive
rouge bordeaux
à rayures
a carreaux
eg
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
brown
orange
light blue
navy blue
dark green
olive green
burgundy/maroon
striped
checked
une jupe bleu clair = a light blue skirt
des baskets bleu marine = navy blue trainers
French Grammar Note 18 faire and de – Saying what you do
1) When you use the verb faire followed by de with the definite article (m = le / f = la / pl
= les) changes happen in the masculine and plural.
2) eg
de + le = du
de la
de l’
de + les = des
3) Remember de + le is always du
de + les is always des
Je fais du judo
Je fais de la gymnastique
Je fais de l’ athlétisme
Je fais des courses
French Grammar Note 19 – Negation – saying you don’t
1) To say that you don’t….. you put ne in front of the verb and pas after the verb
eg
J’aime les sciences = I like science
Je n’aime pas les sciences
= I don’t like science
2) To say you haven’t got a/any…. you use ne …..pas de
eg
J’ai un stylo = I have a pen
Je n’ai pas de stylo = I haven’t got a pen
Je mange des bananes
= I eat some bananas
Je ne mange pas de bananes = I don’t eat any bananas
3) To say you don’t do any you use ne ….. pas de
eg
Je fais du cyclisme = I go cycling
Je ne fais pas de cyclisme = I don’t go cycling
Je fais de las natation
= I go swimming
Je ne fais pas de natation = I don’t go swimming
4) de replaces du, de la, de l’ and des in a negative sentence.
French Grammar Note 20 – aimer and the Infinitive
1) aimer is a regular er verb. It follows the pattern we have already learned.
aimer
j’aime
tu aimes
il aime
elle aime
on aime
Take off er and add:nous aimons
vous aimez
ils aiment
elles aiment
2) In English we say
I like to do judo
I like to play football
I like to go to the cinema
I like is followed by the Infinitive of the verb each time
3) French is exactly the same. J’aime is followed by the Infinitive of the French verb.
eg J’aime faire du judo
J’aime jouer au foot
J’aime aller au cinéma
4) It is the same rule whoever we talk about.
Marc aime faire de la natation = Marc likes to go
swimming
Nous aimons jouer au tennis = We like to play tennis
Ils aiment aller en ville = They like to go into town
French Grammar Note 21 – Asking Questions
1) Interrogation is the grammatical term for asking questions.
2) You can ask a questions just be using a different intonation, by making your voice
rise at the end.
eg Tu parles français? = Do you speak French?
Here your voice rises on the word français.
You can do this with any question
Tu aimes le badminton? = Do you like badminton?
Tu as un animal? = Do you have a pet?
Tu as des frères et des soeurs? = Do you have any brothers and sisters?
3) Or you can put Est-ce que at the beginning.
eg Est-ce que tu parles français?
Est-ce que tu aimes le badminton?
Est-ce que tu as un animal?
Est-ce que tu as des frères et des soeurs?
4) You can also change the word order and put the verb first – followed by a hyphen.
eg Parles-tu le francais?
Aimes-tu le badminton?
As-tu un animal?
As-tu des frères et des soeurs?
French Grammar Note 22 – Irregular Verbs lire, dire, écrire / sortir / aller
1) Irregular Verbs do not follow a regular pattern. Therefore we must learn each Verb
Table individually. Each Verb Table uses the Pronouns we learned in Grammar
Note 10 – always in the same order.
2) lire, dire, écrire and sortir have a similar pattern with singular pronouns but are
different with plural pronouns.
lire=to read dire=to say écrire=to write sortir=to go out
je
tu
il
elle
on
lis
lis
lit
lit
lit
dis
dis
dit
dit
dit
écris
écris
écrit
écrit
écrit
sors
sors
sort
sort
sort
nous
vous
ils
elles
lisons
lisez
lisent
lisent
disons
dites
disent
disent
écrivons
écrivez
écrivent
écrivent
sortons
sortez
sortent
sortent
3) Aller = to go is completely irregular although it is an er verb.
je vais
tu vas
il va
elle va
on va
= I go
= you go (friendly)
= he goes
= she goes
= you/we go
nous allons = we go
vous allez = you go (polite)
ils vont = they go (m + f)
elles vont = they go (f)
French Grammar Note 23A – The nous form of the verb.
1) To talk about yourself and someone else, you need the word we = nous in French.
2) The nous verb form usually ends in ons.
3) For Regular er verbs, first find the stem by taking off the er and then adding ons.
4)
Example a):
jouer = to play
Take off er and add ons
= nous jouons = we play
Example b):
habiter = to live
Take off er and add ons
= nous habitons = we live
5) Here is the nous form of 4 important irregular verbs.
avoir = to have  nous avons = we have
être = to be  nous sommes = we are
aller = to go  nous allons = we go
faire = to do  nous faisons = we do
French Grammar Note 23B – Possessive Adjective “our”
1) The word “our” is a Possessive Adjective because it tells us who something belongs
to.
2) “Our” is used when we use the “we” part of the verb.
Example: We arrive at our school.
We watch our television.
We listen to our teachers.
3) The word for “our” is notre if talking about one person or thing, whether they are
Masculine or Feminine.
Example:
Masculine
notre collège
= our school
Feminine
notre télévision
= our television
4) The word for “our” is nos if talking about more than one.
Example: Plural
Nos professeurs
= our teachers
5) Here are all the Possessive Adjectives we know so far.
Masculine
Feminine
Plural
my =
mon collège
ma télévision
mes professeurs
your =
ton collège
ta télévision
tes professeurs
his/her = son collège
sa télévision
ses professeurs
our =
notre collège
notre télévision
nos professeurs
French Grammar Note 24 – The preposition près de +
1) A preposition tells us the position of a person or a thing.
2) près de = near
3) When près de is followed by la or l’, nothing changes.
Examples:
Nous habitons près de la gare.
Notre maison est près de la poste.
Notre appartement est près de l’église.
Nous habitons près de l’hôpital.
4) However, when près de is followed by le or les, changes occur. We must learn
these changes.
Examples:
Nous habitons près de le collège.  Nous habitons près du collège .
i.e. de + le = du
Nous habitons près de les magasins  Nous habitons près des magasins.
i.e. de + les = des
French Grammar Note 25 – The Plurals of verbs – nous / vous / ils /elles
1) In Grammar Note 10 we learned all the pronouns we use when we learn a Verb
Table.
Singular
je = I
tu = you (when talking to a friend / young person in an informal situation)
il = he/it (a male person or masculine object e.g. le livre)
elle = she/it (a female person or a feminine object e.g. la gomme)
on = you/we (when talking in general)
Plural
nous = we (when talking about yourself and someone else)
vous = you (when talking to an adult/stranger in a formal situation or to more
than one person)
ils = they (when talking about a group of males or a group of males and
females)
elles = they (when talking about a group of females)
2) We already know most of the verb endings, but we must really concentrate on *vous,
*ils and *elles.
3) Take a regular er verb like jouer. Take off the er and add the correct endings.
Example: Jouer
Singular
Plural
st
1 Person
je joue
nous jouons
2nd Person
tu joues
*vous jouez
3rd Person
il/elle/on joue
*ils/elles jouent
French Grammar Note 26 – On = one
1) When you want to say that “people in general” do something, you can use on.
2) On can be used where we say “you”, meaning people in general.
Example: On monte l’escalier et on tourne à droite.
= You go up the stairs and you turn right.
3) On can also be used where we would say “we”
in English.
Example: On ne va pas au collège le mecredi.
= We don’t go to school on Wednesdays.
4) Sometimes people in English use the word “one”
to translate on – meaning again people in general.
Example: On mange dans la cantine.
= One eats in the canteen.
= You/we eat in the canteen.
5) On is followed by the 3rd Person Singular
(i.e. il/elle) form of the verb.
Example:
On mange = you/we eat
On joue = you/we play
On va = you/we go
On fait = you/we do/make
French Grammar Note 27 – Prepositions sous, sur, dans and par terre
1) A Preposition tells us the position of a person or a thing.
2) We need to know several prepositions in order to give as accurate a position as
possible.
3) sous = under
sur = on
dans = in
par terre = on the floor/ground
4) Now we can make our sentences more interesting:
a) Mon sac est sous la table.
b) Mes livres sont sur la table.
c) Mon chat est dans le jardin.
d) Mes crayons sont par terre.
=
=
=
=
My bag is under the table.
My books are on the table.
My cat is in the garden.
My pencils are on the floor.
French Grammar Note 28 – être and avoir – full verb tables – Revision
1) We have already come across these two irregular verbs in Grammar Notes 11 and
12.
2) They are very common verbs which means that they are used very often.
3) Here is a quick revision.
être = to be
avoir = to have
je suis = I am
*tu es = you are
il est = he is
elle est = she is
*on est = you/we are
j’ai = I have
tu as = you have
il a = he has
elle a = she has
on a = you/we have
nous sommes = we are
*vous êtes= you are
ils sont = they are
elles sont = they are
nous avons = we have
vous avez = you have
ils ont = they have
elles ont = they have
4) *Remember:
tu = you (when talking to a friend or a young person in an informal situation.)
vous = you (when talking to an adult/stranger in a formal situation or to more than
one person)
on = you/we (when talking in general)
French Grammar Note 29 – aller – full verb table
1) aller = to go, is another irregular verb.
2) It is a very common verb and is used a lot. We must
learn it carefully.
3) *je vais = I go
tu vas = you go
il va = he goes
elle va = she goes
on va = you/we go
nous allons = we go
vous allez = you go
ils vont = they go
elles vont = they go
4) Remember to check Grammar Note 10 to make sure you
remember when you use certain Pronouns.
French Grammar Note 30 – aller + the Infinitive – The Near Future Tense
1) To say what you are “going” to do, you need the near future tense.
2) In French, you use the verb aller = “to go”, plus
the infinitive.
3) This is very like the English.
4) a) Je vais aller en ville. = I am going to go into town.
b) Qu’est-ce que tu vas faire? = What are you going to do?
c) Il/Elle/On va jouer au foot. = He is/She is/We are going to play football.
d) Nous allons faire de la natation. = We are going to go swimming.
e) Vous allez faire une balade à vélo. = You are going to go for a bike ride.
f)
Ils vont faire les devoirs. = They are going to do their homework.
French Grammar Note 31 – à = to the
1) When you use à with the definite article la ( feminine)
or l’ (masculine or feminine), no changes occur.
Example:
Je vais à la banque. = I go to the bank.
Nous allons à l’église. = We go to the church.
2) However, when à is used with the definitive article le (masculine) or les (plural),
changes occur. We must learn these changes.
Examples:
Je vais à le cinéma. = I go to the cinema.  Je vais au cinéma.
i.e. à + le = au
Il va à les magasins. = He goes to the shops.  Il va aux magasins.
i.e. à + les = aux
French Grammar Note 32 – More Prepositions
1) So far we have learned the prepositions:
près de = near
à + Definite Article = to the
sous = under
sur = on
dans = in
par terre = on the ground
2) Remember prepositions tell us the position of a
person or a thing.
3) Here are six more prepositions.
a) à côté de = next to
b) en face de = opposite
*Remember changes occur when de meets le or les.
Examples:
Le cinéma est à côté de le parc. = The cinema is next to the parc.  Le cinéma est
à côté du parc.i.e. de + le = du
La banque est en face de les magasins. = The bank is opposite the shops.  La
banque est en face des magasins.
i.e. de + les = des
c) derrière = behind
Example: Le parking est derrière la gare. = The car park is behind the railway
station.
d) devant = in front of
Example: L’arrêt de bus est devant le cinéma. = The bus stop is in front of the
cinema.
e) entre = between
Example: Le restaurant est entre l’hôtel et la poste. = The restaurant is between
the hotel and the post office.
f) après = after, beyond
Example: Le supermarché est après le pont. = The supermarket is after/beyond
the bridge.