Download Finals Checklist

Final Exam Checklist
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What should you know??
Photosynthesis
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What is an autotroph? What is a heterotroph?
How are autotrophs and heterotroph linked?
What is the purpose of photosynthesis?
What is the equation for photosynthesis? (know the reactants and the products)
Where does photosynthesis occur?
Where does the light reaction occur?
What goes into light reactions? What comes out?
Where does the dark reaction (Calvin cycle) occur?
What goes into dark reactions? What comes out?
Which pigment is directly involved with photosynthesis? (The primary pigment)
What three factors affect the rate of photosynthesis?
Does photosynthesis occur in the roots, leaves or stems?
What is an aerobic pathway? Give an example.
When does aerobic respiration occur?
What is an anaerobic pathway? Give 2 examples.
What is cellular respiration?
What organisms go through cellular respiration?
Which is the equation for cellular respiration? (know the reactants and the products)
Where does aerobic respiration occur in a eukaryotic cell? In a prokaryotic cell?
Why are photosynthesis and cellular respiration reciprocal parts of a cycle? (How are they linked to each
other?)
Ecology
 List the levels of organization from smallest to largest. Understand the differences.
 What are abiotic factors? List at least four examples.
 What are biotic factors? List at least four examples.
 What is the difference between primary and secondary succession?
 In primary succession what is the first species to start to grow? Why?
 What is a symbiotic relationship?
 Compare and Contrast Mutualism, Commensalisms, and parasitism.
 What is a biome?
 What defines different biomes?
 What factors influence the growth of human population?
 What happens if a population exceeds the carrying capacity?
 What is the relationship between population and resources?
 What is the relationship between predators and prey?
 What are the parts of the Water cycle? Carbon Cycle? Nitrogen Cycle?
 How is a food web different from a food chain?
 What happens to the energy level as you go from one trophic level to the next?
Classification
 What are the six kingdoms?
 How are the kingdoms different?
 What are the distinguishing characteristics of each animal phyla: Annelida, Nematoda, Platyhelminthes,
Mollusca, Cnidaria, Arthropoda, Porifera, Chordata, Echinodermata
 What are examples of each animal phyla?
Evolution
1. What is the definition of the Theory of Evolution?
2. The finches Darwin studied differed in the shape of their beaks. What did Darwin infer from this
observation?
3. According to Darwin’s theory of natural selection, which individuals tend to survive?
4. What is Lamark’s theory of evolution?
5. If fruit fly wings were clipped short what would their offspring look like according to Lamark?
6. Why are modern day insecticides and antibacterial products no longer working? (hint think about the lab
we did)
7. Natural resources on Earth are limited, therefore what must organisms do to survive?
8. What are the 4 tenets of natural selection? Why is each one necessary?
9. What are homologous structures?
10. What are vestigial structures?
11. What do similar genetic sequences between different species suggest?
12. What is an embryological comparison?
13. What is acclimation?
14. What is adaptation?
15. What is the difference between acclimation and adaptation?
16. What is divergence in relation to evolution?
Use this diagram for the following questions… 
In the diagram what are the pictures of shells called?
In the above diagram, which organisms are the simplest?
Which are the most complex?
In the above diagram, which layer is the oldest?
Which is the youngest?
17. What is a cladogram?
18. What information can you learn from a cladogram?
19. Based on the cladogram, what do the
Snapping Turtle and Monkey have in
common?
20. Based on the cladogram, which organisms
have mammary glands?
Body Systems
 What are the major structures and functions
of the 4 body systems: Circulatory,
Respiratory
Urinary, Digestive
 Understand the relationship between the lungs and heart.
 What is the main function of the kidney?
 What forces are behind the movement of molecules throughout the body?
 List the pathway of air flow through the respiratory tract
 What are alveoli?
 List the pathway of urine through the urinary tract
 What is a nephron?
 What is the function of the Loop of Henle?
 List the pathway of food through the digestive tract
 What are villi?
 What is peristalsis?
 How do the digestive tracts of different animals vary? Why is this so?
 List the flow of blood through the heart
 Why is the left side of the heart bigger than the right?
 What type of circulatory systems and # of hearts do the 4 organisms have? (frog, worm, squid, pig)
 Squid: What is the purpose of ink? Chromatophores? Siphon? Which direction do they move?
 Frog: What is a tympanic membrane for? What is the nictitating membrane for?
 Pig: Be able to identify the organs within the pig’s digestive tract. How are pigs similar to humans?
 Worm: How do worms breathe? What is their digestive tract like?