Download Conceptual Physics- Final Examination Review Practice

Conceptual Physics- Final Examination Review Practice
True or False. Change each false answer to true. Add the word(s) that will
make the statement correct at the end of each sentence.
_______1. Light waves are longitudinal waves.
_______2. Sound waves require a medium.
_______3. The medium seismic waves travel through is rocks and other
materials inside the Earth.
_______4. Sound waves can travel in a vacuum.
_______5. A wave in which the disturbance moves back and forth is the
direction of the wave motion is called incidental.
_______6. When two waves meet, their combined effect is called the
Doppler Effect.
_______7. Mechanical Advantages applies to machines.
_______8. The top of the wave is called the trough.
_______9. Most waves are caused by vibrations.
_______10. A mechanical waves is the same as an electromagnetic wave.
_______11. Frequency is the number of waves that pass a point in one
second.
_______12. Waves never interfere with one another.
_______13. Compressions and rarefactions are easily labeled on a
longitudinal wave.
_______14. Data can be plotted only a graph.
_______15. To find the force you must multiply the acceleration and mass.
_______16. Potential energy is energy due to position.
_______17. Force is measured in a unit called Joules.
_______18. To calculate the force of gravity or weight, multiply weight
times height.
_______19. The force of attraction between two particles due to their mass
is called gravity.
_______20. An example of a lever is a hammer.
_______21. Any change is speed or velocity is called acceleration.
_______22. An object with more mass would be more difficult to stop.
_______23. Energy is measured in Joules.
_______24. Distance is measured in Watts.
_______25. Time is measured in seconds.
_______26. Mechanical Advantage is measured in Joules.
_______27. To find work you divide the force by distance.
_______28. The energy of motion is potential energy.
_______29. The distance from one crest to another crest is wave amplitude.
_______30. Echoes occur when waves bounce off a surface.
_______31. A ramp is an inclined plane.
_______32. Any change in speed or velocity is called acceleration.
_______33. Kinetic energy is measured by multiplying mass and gravity.
_______34. A stretched spring has potential energy.
_______35. The units on a spring scale are Newtons.
II.
Multiple Choice
_____1.. Sound waves travel
a)
b)
c)
d)
slower than light
slower than x-rays
slower than TV waves
all the above
_____2. When two waves meet, their combined effect is called
a)
b)
c)
d)
interference
reflection
The Doppler Effect
Beats
_____3. Most waves are caused by
a)
b)
c)
d)
velocity
vibration
amplitude
earthquakes
______4. A “medium” is
a)
b)
c)
d)
an amplitude that results from destructive interference
a substance through which mechanical waves travel
a person who never receives telepathic messages
none of the above
______5. Mutiple pulleys are sometimes put together in a unit called
a)
b)
c)
d)
third-class levers
block and tackle
maximum output forces
fulcrum systems
______6. A hammer is an example of a
a)
b)
c)
d)
first class lever
second class lever
third class lever
no lever
_______7. The lever family includes
a)
b)
c)
d)
inclined planes and wedges
pulleys and wedges
pulleys and screws
pulleys and wheel and axle
_______8. ________ is defined as the rate at which work is done.
a)
b)
c)
d)
force
acceleration
power
mechanical advantage
______9 .The combination of all forces acting on an object is called
the
a)
b)
c)
d)
big force
objective force
directive force
net force
Short Answer
1. Name an example of each of the following types of simple machine:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
lever ___________________
wedge___________________
pulley ___________________
wheel and axle ____________
inclined plane _____________
f) screw ___________________
2. Why is a wheelbarrow a compound machine?
3.How is the mechanical advantage of an inclined plane determined?
Matching:
_______Mechanical Advantage
a) energy of motion
_______fulcrum
b) rate of work
_______energy
c)energy can’t be created or destroyed
_______potential energy
d) point at which a lever rotates
_______kinetic energy
e) one Newton meter
_______lever
f) fishing pole
_______conservation of energy
g) stored energy
_______Watt
h) the ability to do work
_______joule
i) unit of measurement for power
_______power
k) term used to describe how much
force or distance is multiplied by a
machine
Word Problems
1. What is the mechanical advantage of a ramp that is 10 meters long
and 5 meters high?
2.
A person uses 360 N of force to lift a box 2.4 m. How much work
did she use?
3. It takes 250 J of work to lift an object 2 meters. If this is done in 5
seconds, what is the power output?
4. A person has a power output of 580 W. If the work is done over 40
seconds, how much work is done?
5. What is the mechanical advantage of a machine if you need to apply
300 N of force to lift a 1200 N object?
6. Determine the gravitational potential energy of a 25.5 kg boulder on a
630 m hill.
7. What is the kinetic energy of a 5.5 kg rock rolling 20.5 m/s?
8. If the speed of a wave is 14 m/s and the average wavelength is 1.8,
what is the frequency of the wave?
9. What is the period of a wave with a frequency of .25 Hz?
10. If the force acting on an object is 680 N, what is the mass if it is
accelerating 20 m/s North?
Fill in the blank.
Work, Power and Machines - Key Terms
1. A quantity that measures the effects of force acting over a distance is
called ___________________.
2. The units of work are ______________ which is a Newton meter.
3. ______________ is the rate at which work is done or how fast work is
done.
4. A machine makes it easier to do ____________ by redirecting or
multiplying forces.
5. __________________ is the term used to describe how much force or
distance is multiplied by a machine.
6. There are ____________ types of simple machine. They include:
______________________________________________________
7. The ________________________________ states that energy can not
be created or destroyed.
Waves
1. A ____________ is a disturbance that carries energy through matter
or space.
2. The matter through which a wave travels is called the ___________
3. Waves that require a medium are called _____________.
4. A type of wave that does not require a medium is a _______________
or _________________ waves.
5. Most waves are caused by_________________________.
6. Particles in a ________________ wave move perpendicular to the
direction of the wave.
7. _______________________ waves cause the particles to vibrate
parallel to the direction of motion.
8. Light waves are an example of __________________waves and light
waves are an example of ________________ or _________________
waves.
9. The highest point on a transverse wave is called a ______________.
10.The lowest point on a transverse wave is called a ________________.
11.The height of a wave is known as the _________________.
12.The distance from one crest to another crest is called the
______________________.
13. The number of vibrations of a wave each second is known as
___________________________.
14.To measure a wave’s speed, multiply ___________ by ___________.
15. ___________________ occurs when waves bounce off a surface.
16. ___________________ occurs when waves bend around a surface.
17. ___________________ occurs when waves bend through a surface.
18.____________________ occurs when 2 waves meet and add up or
cancel energies. It can be ________________________ or
________________________.
19. A wave with agreater amplitude has more ______________.
20. In __________________ interference the __________ meet and
become greater. In ________________ interference the _________
meet and cancel each wave out.
Word Bank (Words may be used more than once.)
diffraction
refraction
constructive
destructive
work
power
joules
reflection
longitudinal
pulley
crest(s)
trough(s)
wave
kinetic
potential
mechanical
non-mechanical
frequency
amplitude
wave speed
vibrations
medium
energy
Newton
six
screw
wedge
MA
interference
Law of Conservation of Energy
transverse
wave length
compressional
wheel and axle
lever
electromagnetic
wave length
inclined plane
Formulas:
W= F x d
P = F/t
MA = output force/input force
Wave speed = f x wavelength
GPR = mgh
KE= ½ mv2
MA= input distance/output distance
f =1/T
T= 1/f
Momentum
p = mv -
m=p/v
v=p/m
momentum equals mass times velocity
Momentum of a system of objects
Sp = m1v1 + m2 v2 + m3v3...
Net momentum equals first mass times first velocity plus second mass
times second velocity etc…etc
21.
.
What is the momentum of a 3000 kg truck traveling at 25 m/s?
22. A 1500 kg ferryboat has a momentum of 25000 kg∙m/s. What is the
speed of the ferryboat?
23. A car travels at a constant speed of 24 m/s and has a momentum of
28800 kg∙m/s. What is the mass of the car?
24. An 8 kg bowling ball rolls at a constant speed of 3 m/s. What is the
momentum of the ball?
25. Determine the momentum of a system that consists of two objects.
One object, m1, has a mass of 6 kg and a velocity of 13 m/s towards the east
and a second object, m2, has a mass of 14 kg and a velocity of 7 m/s in that
same direction.
26. Determine the momentum of a system that consists of three objects.
One object, m1, has a mass of 7 kg and a velocity 23 m/s towards the north,
a second object, m2, has a mass of 9 kg and a velocity 7 m/s towards the
north and the third object, m3 has a mass of 5 kg and a velocity of 42 m/s
towards the north .