Download Population - Walshearthsciences

Population
1. This type of growth is demonstrated by the sequence 12, 13, 14, 15, 16.
Linear
2. The market value in current dollars of all goods and services produced within a country for final use
during a year is the
GDP
3. World-wide integration of social, economic, and environmental change is called
Globalization
4. The one-way movement of individuals out of a particular population to another area
Emigration
5. Reproductive age span, litter size, how many offspring survive to reproductive age all refer to
Biotic Potential
6. What population pattern would you expect to find for rabbits and coyotes in an undisturbed habitat?
Cyclic
7. This type survivorship curve you would expect to find for a mountain gorilla?
Late Loss
8. The World Health Organization initiated spraying in Borneo (Brunei) to
reduce the incidence of malaria.
9. This age group implies the greatest built-in momentum for population growth?
Large group under age of 15
10. During demographic transitions, birth rates of a population are high during these two stages
Preindustrial and Transitional Stages
Environmental History
1. President who created the first wildlife refuge and the Forest Service
Theodore Roosevelt
2. Biologist interested in the effects of pesticides, like DDT, and their effect on wildlife. Beginning of
the environmental movement by writing Silent Spring.
Rachel Carson
3. Wrote the Tragedy of the Commons in response to population growth, resource use, and pollution
Garrett Hardin
Energy
1. The earth's natural materials and processes that sustain other species and us
Natural Resources
2. Combination of two or more atoms of the same chemical element or different chemical elements
Molecule
3. In any conversion of heat energy to useful work, some of the initial energy input is always degraded
to a lower-quality, more dispersed, less useful energy, usually low-temperature heat that flows into
the environment;
Second Law of Thermodynamics
4. The atomic number tell you the number of
Protons
5. The two most common types of ionizing particles emitted by radioactive isotopes are
alpha and beta particles.
6. The fuel used in a nuclear reactor is
Uranium 235
7. This can be defined as has mass and occupies space.
Matter
8. Crude oil components are separated by
Distillation
9. The most common moderator used in nuclear reactors is
Water
Ecosystem
1. What is the number one cause of extinctions
Habitat Loss
2. This term refers to species that could become endangered
Threatened
3. Competition between individuals of the same species
Intra-specific competition
4. Relationship where one species benefits and the other is not harmed
Commensalism
5. Study of how we and other species interact with one another and with the nonliving environment
(matter and energy).
Ecology
6. Group of organisms that resemble one another in appearance, behavior, chemical makeup and
processes, and genetic structure
Species
7. You are a microbiologist. You observe a cell divide into two identical cells. You are most likely
watching
asexual reproduction.
8. Organisms that feed on dead organisms are called
Scavengers
9. When natural selection results in a shift toward one end of a normal range of traits, an evolutionary
biologist would credit
Directional Natural Selection
10. When natural selection results in a shift toward the average of a range of genetic expressions for a
particular trait, an evolutionary biologist would credit
Stabilizing Natural Selection
11. Over the course of time, the change in the gene pool of one species may lead to the change of the
gene pool of another species. This process is called
Coevolution
12. An organism's way of life is analogous to its
Niche
13. Large ecological regions with characteristic types of natural, undisturbed ecological communities are
called
Biomes
14. The biome most likely to be found on the top of a very tall tropical mountain is the
Alpine Tundra
15. A tropical grassland with scattered shrubs and stunted trees would be called a
Savanna
16. The primary limiting factor of the rain forest is
Soil
17. Trees with needlelike leaves that are kept year round are especially abundant in which biome?
Coniferous Forest
Geology, Soils and Hazardous Waste
1. A source of pollution that comes from a specific source is called
Point Source Pollution
2. This type of soil holds the most water and has the smallest particles
Clay
3. Type of rock formed by deposits on the bottom of oceans
Sedimentary (or any example)
4. Rate at which water and air move from upper to lower soil layers
Soil permeability
5. Upper surface of the zone of saturation, in which all available pores in the soil and rock in the earth's
crust are filled with water
Water Table
6. This rock is most likely to be formed from compacted plant remains
Coal
7. The surface litter horizon is described by the letter
O
8. Partially decomposed organic matter is called
Humus
9. If you were a farmer, which type of soil would you choose for your crops?
Loam
10. The greatest source of water pollution is
Sediment Runoff
11. An agricultural style that prevents erosion on steep slopes is
Terracing
12. This agricultural style where crops are planted between hedgerows of trees or shrubs that are used
for fruits or fuelwood
Alley Cropping
13. Love Canal is located in what state?
New York
14. This process can used at considerably less expense than landfills and incineration if toxin-degrading
bacteria can be found.
Bioremediation
15. This program was to set up to clean up inactive or abandoned hazardous-waste dump sites.
Superfund
Water Pollution
1. Range of chemical and physical conditions that must be maintained for populations of a particular
species to stay alive and grow, develop, and function normally.
Range of Tolerance
2. In your explorations as a marine biologist, you find a new species of algae floating on the surface of
a coastal zone. You would most likely classify this species as
phytoplankton.
3. Throughout the world, the most water is used for
Irrigation
4. Water scarcity from drying up of the soil because of deforestation or overgrazing is called
Desiccation
5. The sinking of ground when water has been withdrawn is called
Subsidence
6. When occurs to water it causes algae blooms, deplete water of oxygen and decreases water quality.
Temperature Increase
7. This type of curve may occur upstream from a sewage treatment plant.
Oxygen Sag
8. This is the last stage of cultural eutrophication when these organisms appear
Anaerobic bacteria
9. The largest estuary in the United States is
The Chesapeake
10. The oil company responsible for the oil spill of the Valdez was
Exxon
11. Most irrigation systems lose about half of their water to
Evaporation
Air Pollution and Climate
1. Leading edge of an advancing mass of cold air
Cold Front
2. Most of the Earth’s weather occurs in the
Troposphere
3. Photochemical smog is formed when primary pollutants interact with
Sunlight
4. This is a product of uranium decay and an indoor air pollutant
Radon
5. The two predominant greenhouse gases in the troposphere are
CO2 and Water Vapor
6. The single greatest contributor to CFC emissions in the U.S. is
Leaky air conditioners
7. The amount of water vapor found in a certain mass of air is the
Absolute humidity
8. The trapping of heat energy in the troposphere by certain gaseous molecules
Greenhouse Effect
Food, Risk Toxicity, Pesticides
1. The type of agriculture is most characteristic of developing countries?
traditional subsistence agriculture
2. The types of agriculture is most characteristic of developed countries?
Industrialized agriculture
3. Several different crops on a plot of land is referred to as
Intercropping
4. Someone who eats less than the basic minimum number of daily calories is called
Undernourished
5. Most of the commercial fish catch comes from where?
Coastal waters
6. The leading cause of death among adults in the United States is
Tobacco
7. Probability of suffering from disease, economic loss, environmental damage is called
Risk
8. A person flying over the Chernobyl site two days after the explosion most probably experienced this
type of exposure to radioactive substances.
an acute exposure
9. These graphs show the effects of various doses of toxic agents on a group of test organisms, are
extrapolated using mathematical models to project possible effects of high doses and are
extrapolated from humans to other primates.
Dose Response Curves
10. The study of the pattern of a disease in a population is called
Epidemiology
11. Mutagens directly change molecules of
DNA
12. Agents of disease transmission are called
Vectors
13. Organisms at higher trophic levels have more concentrated levels of toxic substances.
Biomagnification
Terrestrial Sustainability
1. What does CITES stand for or enforce?
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species
2. What are the two most important abiotic factors in determining terrestrial biome types
Temperature and Precipitation
3. Agency responsible for managing multiple-use forested lands
US National Forest Service
4. This term refers to species that could become endangered
Threatened
5. Cutting of intermediate-aged, mature, or diseased trees in an uneven-aged forest stand, either singly
or in small groups. This encourages the growth of younger trees and maintains an uneven-aged
stand.
Selective Cutting
6. Low latitude forests have the greatest what?
Biodiversity
7. Species whose roles in an ecosystem are much more important than their abundance would suggest
are called
Keystone Species
8. The relationship demonstrated by a food chain is
Predation
9. You are an evolutionary entomologist. You have observed beetles who can raise their abdomens and
give off a defensive chemical that generally repels predators. You discover a new species of beetle
that raises its abdomen in a threatening way similar to the first species, but no defensive chemical is
given off. You are most likely to characterize this defensive strategy as a form of
Mimicry
10. A field ecologist observes primary succession occurring over a period of years. Bare rock is
colonized by lichens that give way to moss that give way to ferns. She is most likely to report that
the process guiding succession in this ecosystem is
Facilitation
11. You are an ecologist studying alligators in the outback. You find that the population of alligators is
so depleted that organisms that depend on alligator holes for their survival are also hurting. You
would most likely label the alligators
Ecologically Extinct
12. You are studying species diversity in the Caribbean islands. An island with what two factors would
have the most number of species?
Large and close to mainland
13. Identification and listing of endangered species is done by the
Fish and Wildlife Service.
14. This rebellion has sought to reduce federal ownership of lands.
Sagebrush
15. The removal of all trees from a given area in a single cutting to establish a new even-aged stand is
called
Clear Cutting
16. Which national park currently has a twenty-year restoration plan because of loss of the majority of
its vertebrate wildlife due to water diversion?
Everglades
Aquatic Sustainability
1. Coastal ecosystem which prevent coastal erosion are threatened by aquaculture and other
development (found in Florida)
Mangrove Forests
2. This ecosystem exhibit variable temperatures and salinity.
Estuary
3. The deepest part of the ocean is the
Abyssal Zone
4. Most photosynthesis in the open sea occurs in the
Euphotic Zone
5. The twilight (dimly lit) zone of the sea is the
bathyal zone.
6. In lakes, the open-water surface layer is called the
limnetic zone.
7. Fish adapted to cool, dark water are found in the zone of lakes called the
Profundal zone
8. Lakes that have few minerals and low productivity are referred to as
Oligotrophic
9. This process brings oxygen to the surface and nutrients to the lake bottom
Lake Overturn
10.When fish populations are temporarily reduced due to overfishing, they are said to be
Commercially extinct
11. Ocean areas beyond any country's legal jurisdiction are called
Open Seas
12. What is considered the single greatest threat to the Great Lakes?
Invasive Species
Urban Planning
1. "Fecal snow" is characteristic of what city
Mexico City
2. These geographic areas are characterized by heat islands
Large Cities
3. A sound registering 50 dbA compared to one registering 30 dbA means that the first sound is how
times louder than the second sound.
100
4. Economic decisions in a pure command economic system (centralized plan economy) are made by
Government
5. This author wrote about transforming earth-degrading economics to earth-sustaining economics.
Paul Hawken
Eco-Ethics
1. This view includes Humans are in charge of nature. Earth has an unlimited supply of resources for
human use, human success depends upon how well we manage Earth's life-support systems for our
benefit.
Planetary Management View
2. Which worldviews is based on a belief in the least government interference
Free market school
3. Species which have a right to life regardless of their usefulness to humans have
Inherit Value
4. Applying the ideas of Donella Meadows, continuous pursuit of what needs could lead to unlimited
economic growth
Material Goods