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CHAPTER 2

TEACHING TOOLS FOR CHAPTER 2
THE HUMAN BODY IN HEALTH AND
DISEASE AND WORD PART REVIEW
The Instructor Resources teaching tools for this chapter include:
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The answer key for the Learning Exercises for the chapter, located in the file entitled Textbook Learning
Exercises Answer Key. These Learning Exercises are at the end of each chapter in Medical Terminology for
Health Professions, Seventh Edition, and in the Student Workbook for Introduction to Medical Terminology, Third
Edition. The answer key is also in the PowerPoint presentation for the chapter.
A PowerPoint presentation for this chapter, including the Overview of The Human Body in Health and Disease
from the beginning of the chapter, the Textbook Learning Exercises Answer Key, and the following
animations:

Exocrine and Endocrine Glands

Body Planes
In this chapter of the Instructor’s Manual, you will find:
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Personal Response Device questions (and answers) to engage students’ interest
Classroom Quizzes and their Answer Keys

Two 25-question quizzes for the Standard Syllabus testing on key word parts and all primary terms

Two 25-question quizzes for the Simplified Syllabus testing only on the 15 word parts and
60 terms in the vocabulary list at the beginning of the chapter
Classroom Activities to help your learners enjoy their studies. This chapter includes:

Body Planes and Directions, an activity to get students up and moving

Word Part Jeopardy, to help learners practice their new medical word part skills. Word parts used are from
Chapters 1 and 2.

Crossword Puzzle and Answer Key

Word Search and Answer Key
“Medical Mystery” Story and Discussion Questions emphasizing the Simplified Syllabus terms (Cystic
Fibrosis)
SOAP Note and Questions (Eldercare Facility: Abdominal Pain)
Case Study and Discussion Questions (Allergist Consultation Report)
Answer Keys for the Medical Mystery, SOAP Note, and Case Study
Before going on to the next chapter, it is important that your students complete the Word Part Review section.
The answers to the Learning Exercises in this section are in the Textbook Learning Exercises Answer Key and the
PowerPoint slides.
PERSONAL RESPONSE DEVICE QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
These questions are designed to engage students’ interest as a unit is introduced, not to test their knowledge. Asking
students to give their answers at the start of class will get them involved in the topic, and a delay in providing the
correct answers will help keep them curious. The questions can be made into PowerPoint slides or written on the
board, and answers can be tallied using a personal response device (clicker) system or a show of hands.
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34
Chapter 2
1.
A chromosome is larger than a gene. T/F
Answer: True
2.
Peas have 14 pairs of chromosomes and pigeons have 80. How many do humans have?
a. 100
b. 145
c. 46
Answer: c. 46
3.
Stem cells die after a determined life span. T/F
Answer: False. Unlike other cells that die after a determined life span, stem cells can renew themselves through
cell division.
4.
A communicable disease and a contagious disease are the same thing. T/F
Answer: True
CLASSROOM QUIZZES
There are two quizzes for the Standard Syllabus and two for the Simplified Syllabus, each made up of 25 questions.
Quiz A consists entirely of multiple-choice questions. Quiz B has a variety of question styles. Both quizzes are of
equal difficulty.
TIPS FOR USING CLASSROOM QUIZZES
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These quizzes are brief so they can be used without consuming a lot of class time. They can be used effectively
either as a pop quiz to evaluate student preparation or as makeup work when a learner has missed a class.
If you are concerned about learners copying each other’s answers, you can alternate Quizzes A and B in the same
class.
You can use Quiz A as the classroom quiz and Quiz B as the makeup or retest.
Combine the two quizzes to create a 50-question chapter test.
The Answer Keys are located immediately after the quizzes. You may want to have learners swap papers and take
a few minutes to have them grade the quizzes in class. This is an excellent review activity, and it provides
valuable insight into learner preparedness.
Copyright © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
The Human Body in Health and Disease and Word Part Review
35
CHAPTER 2 STANDARD SYLLABUS QUIZ A
Name ___________________________________________ Date __________________ Class _______________
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Write in the letter of the correct answer.
______ 1. Which term is the opposite of anterior?
A. distal
B. posterior
C. ventral
______ 2. Which body cavity protects the spinal column?
A. cranial
B. dorsal
C. ventral
______ 3. Which term means inflammation of a gland?
A. adenitis
B. adenoma
C. adenosclerosis
______ 4. Which term means abnormal development or growth, especially of cells?
A. anaplasia
B. aplasia
C. dysplasia
______ 5. Which term means the outbreak of a disease occurring over a large geographic area, possibly worldwide?
A. endemic
B. epidemic
C. pandemic
______ 6. Which type of tissue covers both the internal and external surfaces of the body?
A. adipose
B. endothelial
C. epithelial
______ 7. Which term means the study of the cells, their origin, structure, function, and pathology?
A. cytology
B. histology
C. pathology
______ 8. Which tissue attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall?
A. mesentery
B. parietal peritoneum
C. visceral peritoneum
______ 9. Which plane divides the body into upper and lower portions?
A. frontal
B. midsagittal
C. transverse
______ 10. Which term means toward the lower part of the body?
A. caudal
B. cephalic
C. proximal
______ 11. Which body cavity protects the major organs of digestion, reproduction, and excretion?
A. abdominopelvic
B. dorsal
C. thoracic
______ 12. Which term means toward the midline?
A. distal
B. medial
C. lateral
______ 13. Which area of the abdomen is commonly known as the belly button?
A. epigastric
B. inguinal
C. umbilicus
______ 14. Which of these conditions is a genetic disorder?
A. cerebral palsy
B. cystic fibrosis
C. fetal alcohol syndrome
______ 15. Which term means the study of the functions of body structures?
A. anatomy
B. histology
C. physiology
______ 16. Which term means a hospital-acquired infection?
A. iatrogenic
B. idiopathic
C. nosocomial
______ 17. Which plane divides the body into front and back portions?
A. frontal
B. sagittal
C. transverse
______ 18. Which type of gene must be inherited from both parents for their child to have that trait?
A. dominant
B. recessive
C. genome
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36
Chapter 2
______ 19. Which condition is a group of hereditary bleeding disorders?
A. Down syndrome
B. hemophilia
C. Huntington’s disease
______ 20. Which term means above the stomach?
A. epigastric
B. hypochondriac
C. hypogastric
______ 21. Which term refers to the ongoing presence of a disease within a population, group, or area?
A. endemic
B. iatrogenic
C. epidemic
______ 22. Which term means the defective development or congenital absence of an organ or tissue?
A. aplasia
B. hyperplasia
C. hypoplasia
______ 23. The stomach is located _______________ to the diaphragm.
A. cephalic
B. inferior
C. superior
______ 24. Which term describes the study of the structures of the body?
A. anatomy
B. cytology
C. physiology
______ 25. Which term means the study of the causes of diseases?
A. epidemiology
B. etiology
C. pathology
Copyright © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
The Human Body in Health and Disease and Word Part Review
CHAPTER 2 STANDARD SYLLABUS QUIZ B
Name ___________________________________________ Date __________________ Class _______________
FILL IN THE BLANK
Write the correct term on the line provided.
1. Blood is filtered and waste is removed by the ______________________ system.
2. The combining form cyt/o means ______________________ .
3. Hormones are secreted by ______________________ glands.
4. All types of cells, except the gametes, have a nucleus that contains 46 _____________________ arranged in 23
pairs.
5. The term meaning an inflammation of the peritoneum is _____________________ .
6. The suffix -stasis means ______________________ .
7. The term meaning inflammation of the brain is ______________________ . (encephal/o means brain)
8. Any deviation from normal is known as a/an _____________________ .
9. Abnormal development or growth, especially of cells, is known as _____________________ .
10. The lower right abdominal quadrant is described as being in the right _____________________ region.
MATCHING
Write the letter of the correct answer on the line provided.
Column A
_____ 11. abdominal cavity
_____ 12. cranial cavity
_____ 13. pelvic cavity
_____ 14. spinal cavity
_____ 15. thoracic cavity
Column B
A. protects the spinal cord
B. protects the major organs of digestion
C. protects the heart and the lungs
D. protects the brain
E. protects reproductive and excretory system organs
TRUE/FALSE
Write T for true or F for false.
_____ 16. Dysplasia is the enlargement of an organ or tissue.
_____ 17. The combining form caud/o means cold.
_____ 18. Liquid connective tissues transport nutrients and waste products throughout the body.
_____ 19. Anatomy means any deviation from what is regarded as normal.
_____ 20. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is found only in gametes.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Write in the letter of the correct answer.
_____ 21. Which term refers to a structure located below the transverse plane?
A. inferior
B. medial
C. superior
_____ 22. Which term means inflammation of a gland?
A. adenitis
B. adenomalacia
C. adenosis
_____ 23. Which of these structures is not found in the nucleus of a cell?
A. chromosomes
B. cytoplasm
C. nucleoplasm
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38
Chapter 2
_____ 24. Muscular dystrophy is which type of disorder?
A. anomaly
B. congenital disorder
C. genetic disorder
_____ 25. Which term describes the congenital absence of a normal opening?
A. atresia
B. idiopathic disorder
C. adenosis
Copyright © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
The Human Body in Health and Disease and Word Part Review
39
CHAPTER 2 SIMPLIFIED SYLLABUS QUIZ A
Name ___________________________________________ Date __________________ Class _______________
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Write in the letter of the correct answer.
______ 1. Which term is the opposite of anterior?
A. distal
B. posterior
C. ventral
______ 2. Which body cavity protects the spinal column?
A. cranial
B. dorsal
C. ventral
______ 3. Which term means abnormal hardening of a gland?
A. adenitis
B. adenoma
C. adenosclerosis
______ 4. Which term means abnormal development or growth, especially of cells?
A. anaplasia
B. aplasia
C. dysplasia
______ 5. Which term means the outbreak of a disease occurring over a large geographic area, possibly worldwide?
A. pandemic
B. epidemic
C. endemic
______ 6. Which term describes a pathological condition caused by absent or defective genes?
A. functional disorder
B. genetic disorder
C. idiopathic disorder
______ 7. Which term means the study of the structure, composition, and function of tissues?
A. cytology
B. histology
C. pathology
______ 8. Which tissue attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall?
A. mesentery
B. peritoneum
C. cytoplasm
______ 9. Which plane divides the body into upper and lower portions?
A. frontal
B. midsagittal
C. transverse
______ 10. Which term means toward the lower part of the body?
A. caudal
B. cephalic
C. proximal
______ 11. Which body cavity protects the major organs of digestion, reproduction, and excretion?
A. abdominal
B. dorsal
C. thoracic
______ 12. Which term means toward the midline?
A. distal
B. medial
C. lateral
______ 13. Which area of the abdomen is commonly known as the belly button?
A. epigastric
B. inguinal
C. umbilicus
______ 14. Cystic fibrosis is a _______________ disorder passed down from parent to child.
A. genetic
B. congenital
C. idiopathic
______ 15. Which term means the study of the functions of body structures?
A. anatomy
B. histology
C. physiology
______ 16. Which term means a hospital-acquired infection?
A. iatrogenic
B. idiopathic
C. nosocomial
______ 17. Which plane divides the body into left and right portions?
A. midsagittal
B. transverse
C. frontal
______ 18. Which term means the opposite of ventral?
A. superior
B. posterior
C. dorsal
Copyright © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
40
Chapter 2
______ 19. Which condition is a group of hereditary bleeding disorders?
A. Down syndrome
B. hemophilia
C. Huntington’s disease
______ 20. Which region is above the stomach?
A. epigastric region
B. hypochondriac region
C. hypogastric region
______ 21. Which term describes the genetic disorder in which an essential digestive enzyme is missing?
A. hemophilia
B. hypoplasia
C. phenylketonuria
______ 22. Which term means the defective development or congenital absence of an organ or tissue?
A. aplasia
B. hyperplasia
C. hypoplasia
______ 23. Which form of disease transmission is the spread of disease through contact with blood?
A. bloodborne
B. indirect contact
C. vector-borne
______ 24. Which term describes the study of the structures of the body?
A. anatomy
B. cytology
C. physiology
______ 25. Which term means the study of the causes of diseases?
A. epidemiology
B. etiology
C. physiology
Copyright © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
The Human Body in Health and Disease and Word Part Review
41
CHAPTER 2 SIMPLIFIED SYLLABUS QUIZ B
Name ___________________________________________ Date __________________ Class _______________
FILL IN THE BLANK
Write the correct term on the line provided.
1. The ongoing presence of a disease within a population, group, or area is referred to
as ______________________ .
2. The combining form ______________________ means fat.
3. ______________________ is the process through which the body maintains a constant internal environment.
4. All types of cells, except the gametes, have a nucleus that contains 46 __________________ arranged in 23
pairs.
5. The term meaning an inflammation of the peritoneum is _____________________ .
6. The combining form ______________________ means in front or before.
7. Unspecialized cells that renew themselves for long periods of time through cell division are known as
______________________ .
8. Any deviation from normal is known as an _____________________ .
9. Abnormal development or growth, especially of cells, is known as _____________________ .
10. ______________________ is a general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ that is due to an increase
in size, but not in the number of cells.
MATCHING
Write the letter of the correct answer on the line provided.
Column A
_____ 11. abdominal cavity
_____ 12. thoracic cavity
_____ 13. pelvic cavity
_____ 14. hypogastric region
_____ 15. epigastric region
Column B
A. area below the stomach
B. protects the major organs of digestion
C. protects the heart and the lungs
D. area above the stomach
E. protects reproductive and excretory system organs
TRUE/FALSE
Write T for true or F for false.
_____ 16. The peritoneum is a multilayered membrane that protects and holds organs in place.
_____ 17. The combining form cyt/o means cold.
_____ 18. The epigastric region is located below the stomach.
_____ 19. Anatomy means any deviation from what is regarded as normal.
_____ 20. Anterior means toward the head.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Write in the letter of the correct answer.
_____ 21. Which combining form means tissue?
A. caud/o
B. hist/o
C. path/o
_____ 22. Which term describes a malignant tumor that originates in glandular tissue?
A. adenocarcinoma
B. adenomalacia
C. adenosis
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42
Chapter 2
_____ 23. Which of these structures is not found in the nucleus of a cell?
A. chromosomes
B. cytoplasm
C. nucleoplasm
_____ 24. Muscular dystrophy is which type of disorder?
A. anomaly
B. congenital disorder
C. genetic disorder
_____ 25. Which term describes the abnormal softening of a gland?
A. adenectomy
B. adenomalacia
C. adenosis
Copyright © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
The Human Body in Health and Disease and Word Part Review
CHAPTER 2 STANDARD SYLLABUS QUIZ ANSWER KEYS
QUIZ A ANSWER KEY
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
B
B
A
C
C
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
C
A
A
C
A
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
A
B
C
B
C
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
C
A
B
B
A
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
A
A
B
A
B
QUIZ B ANSWER KEY
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
urinary
cell
endocrine
chromosomes
peritonitis
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
control
encephalitis
anomaly
dysplasia
iliac
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
B
D
E
A
C
16. F
17. F
18. T
19. F
20. F
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
A
A
B
C
A
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
B
A
B
C
B
CHAPTER 2 SIMPLIFIED SYLLABUS QUIZ ANSWER KEYS
QUIZ A ANSWER KEY
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
B
B
C
C
A
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
B
B
A
C
A
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
A
B
C
A
C
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
C
A
C
B
A
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
C
A
A
A
B
QUIZ B ANSWER KEY
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
endemic
adip/o
homeostasis
chromosomes
peritonitis
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
anter/o
stem cells
anomaly
dysplasia
hypertrophy
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
B
C
E
A
D
16. T
17. F
18. F
19. F
20. F
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44
Chapter 2
CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES FOR CHAPTER 2
The activities for each chapter are different; however, many of these activities can also be adapted for other chapters.
BODY PLANES AND DIRECTIONS
This class activity aids students in learning the names of body planes and direction through related movements. Some
learners remember terms much better if they have “felt” them.

List the body planes to be demonstrated on the board:
sagittal

frontal (coronal)

horizontal (transverse)
List the body directions to be demonstrated on the board:

ventral and dorsal

anterior and posterior
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superior and inferior

cephalic and caudal

distal and medial
Have learners stand far enough apart to allow arm movements.
Review the terms and the movement that represents each one.
Call the terms in random order. As each term is called, learners make the appropriate movement.
Each time you go through the list, pick up the pace.
Optional: Make the final rounds competitive—a learner who makes the wrong movement must sit down and is out
of the game.
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SUGGESTED MOVEMENTS LIST
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Sagittal plane—Up-and-down hand movement, as if cutting, with fingers pointing at the midline or long axis of
the body.
Frontal plane—Up-and-down hand movement, as if cutting, with fingers pointing at the side of the body.
Horizontal plane—Side-to-side hand movement, as if cutting, at the waist.
Ventral and anterior—Pat the front of the body.
Dorsal and posterior—Pat the back of the body.
Superior and cephalic—Raise the arm and point upward.
Inferior and caudal—Lower the arm and point downward.
Proximal—Touch the humerus (upper arm) near the shoulder.
Distal—Touch the humerus (upper arm) near the elbow.
Medial—Point toward the midline (middle of the body).
Lateral—Point toward the side away from the midline (middle of the body).
Copyright © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
The Human Body in Health and Disease and Word Part Review
45
WORD PART JEOPARDY
This very popular team activity is a medical terminology version of the television quiz show Jeopardy !
ADVANCE PREPARATION
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The grid. Make an overhead transparency of the game grid (see Figure 2.1 at the end of this chapter’s Teaching
Tools). During play, cross off categories and grid squares as they are used. At the end of a game, wipe the grid
clean to ready it for reuse. (If an overhead projector is not available, draw the grid on the board.)
The questions. Prepare a list of questions so there is one question for each square on the grid. A sample list is
shown in Figure 2.2, which can be found at the end of this chapter’s Teaching Tools.
Show host. The host, usually the teacher, asks the questions and marks off the categories as they are used.
Contestants. The game can be played with three or four contestants who stand or are seated at the front of the
room facing the audience, or with the entire class divided into two teams. For team play, decide whether learners
will take turns answering alone or whether other team members may give clues or suggestions.
Scorekeeper. One learner is appointed as the scorekeeper. Scores are recorded on the board.
Judges. Two learners act as judges to decide whether the response is correct.
Audience. If playing with only three or four contestants, all other learners are the audience. They should be
encouraged to participate actively by applauding and trying to guess the right answers to help create more
excitement.
PLAYING WORD PART JEOPARDY
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

The first contestant is selected randomly and is allowed to choose the first category and value.
The host gives the “answer.” The contestant responds with the appropriate “question.” This format must be correct
or the response is considered to be wrong.
If the response is correct, points are added to that contestant’s score.
If the response is not correct, points are subtracted from the contestant’s score. Then the other contestants have an
opportunity to answer the question correctly and win the points.
Whoever answers correctly gets to select the next category and question value.
If no one can answer a question correctly, the host reads the correct answer and the contestant who originally
chose that question chooses a new one.
The round ends when all questions in all categories have been used.
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46
Chapter 2
CHAPTER 2 CROSSWORD PUZZLE
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The Human Body in Health and Disease and Word Part Review
CHAPTER 2 CROSSWORD PUZZLE ANSWER KEY
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48
Chapter 2
CHAPTER 2 WORD SEARCH PUZZLE
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The Human Body in Health and Disease and Word Part Review
CHAPTER 2 WORD SEARCH PUZZLE ANSWER KEY
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50
Chapter 2
MEDICAL MYSTERY FOR CHAPTER 2
THE CHILDREN’S HOSPITAL OF AMEDA COUNTY
Name:
Madison M.
Age:
3
3′ 1″
Height:
Weight:
27 pounds
Symptoms:
cough, fatigue, foul stools,
shortness of breath
HER STORY
Her mother noticed that Maddy was not eating well and seemed to be sick more often than her brothers. She had more
than her share of respiratory infections, and despite all the antibiotics, these conditions persisted. Maddy’s mother
noticed that her stools sometimes smelled bad, but their general practitioner said that this was probably due to a change
in her diet. Despite regular visits to the doctor, Maddy’s chest was always congested. Recently, the doctor found some
polyps in her nose and said that Maddy had developed an allergy that was the most likely reason for all her symptoms.
Her mother was not satisfied, and became worried because Maddy was not gaining weight and was very lethargic.
Even during simple play with her brothers, she was always out of breath. Finally, Maddy’s mother decided to seek out
a pediatric specialist.
THE EVALUATION
When I saw Maddy at our outpatient clinic at the children’s hospital, I noticed that she was underweight and looked ill.
She also appeared dehydrated, so I decided to admit her for inpatient care. Her mother said that Maddy was the only
sickly child in the family, and that there was nothing unusual in their family history. A chest x-ray revealed that Maddy
has had recurrent lung infections, so I ordered additional x-rays of her thoracic cavity. I decided to also evaluate the
amount of salt in the sweat on Maddy’s skin. While I waited for these results, I also decided to do some genetic tests
on a sample of Maddy’s blood. When these test results came back, I asked that the other children in the family to be
evaluated using the sweat test. Their results did not reveal unusually high levels of salt.
THE DIAGNOSIS
I had the difficult task of telling Maddy’s mother that her daughter has cystic fibrosis (CF). An inherited condition, CF
affects the cells that produce mucus, sweat, saliva, and digestive juices. Normally, these secretions are thin and
slippery, but in CF, a defective gene causes the secretions to be thick and sticky. Instead of acting as a lubricant, the
secretions plug up tubes, ducts, and passageways, especially in the pancreas and lungs. Difficulty in breathing is the
most common presentation, along with excess salt in the sweat and foul-smelling, greasy stools.
Both of Maddy’s parents turned out to be carriers of the CF gene. Because the gene is recessive, it can only produce
the disease if a child receives the gene from each parent. Maddy was unlucky enough to have this happen.
THE TREATMENT
Although CF shortens the life span of those it affects, early diagnosis and a comprehensive treatment plan can improve
both survival rate and quality of life. I told Maddy’s mother that her daughter would need antibiotics for her lung
infections and physical therapy to help her cough up the thick secretions. In addition, I prescribed some medications
that would make her breathing easier. I recommended that the mother give Maddy special enzymes to allow her to
absorb food better, and encouraged her to give Maddy a high-calorie diet. I told her that Maddy must be regularly seen
in the CF clinic and that other options of treatment would be discussed in due time.
CASE CLOSED
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The Human Body in Health and Disease and Word Part Review
51
When I saw Maddy again 6 months later, both she and her mother were still learning to live with her condition and
with her daily medical regimen. Maddy continues to be small for her age, but is not shy about expressing her opinions.
Her older brothers have become very protective of their little sister now that they realize how vulnerable she is to lung
infections. Although only about half of those diagnosed with CF as infants or young children live beyond their late
twenties, this percentage is rising as an increasing number of patients survive into adult life. It is possible that in the
future, she will be a candidate for a lung transplantation, which might extend her life considerably.
Discussion Questions
1.
Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder. What does this mean?
2.
Can you name two other genetic disorders?
3.
The doctor requested x-rays of Maddy’s thoracic cavity. What is this?
4.
The CF gene is recessive. What does this mean?
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52
Chapter 2
SOAP NOTE FOR CHAPTER 2
St. Stephan’s Eldercare
10/30/13
Yuliya Prasenski, MD George Kosoff
SUBJECTIVE


Reports 7/10 abdominal pain and tenderness [7 out of 10 on the pain scale]
Denies nausea
OBJECTIVE




79-year-old male
Vital signs within normal range, no vomiting noted
Pain on palpation in right hypochondriac region
Two days status post-needle biopsy for liver dysplasia
ASSESSMENT


Possible pain from bruising during needle biopsy procedure
Possible peritonitis
PLAN



Give pain medication
Monitor for signs of infection
Follow up with pathologist once biopsy results are back
Questions
1.
Define dysplasia, and provide the word parts.
2.
Where is the right hypochondriac region of the body?
3.
What does a pathologist do?
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The Human Body in Health and Disease and Word Part Review
53
CASE STUDY FOR CHAPTER 2
ALLERGIST CONSULTATION REPORT
Patient Name: Darryl McFadden
Date: 5/4/09
Ref. Physician: Steve Glass, M.D.
Darryl McFadden’s history is such that he complains of nasal blockage, postnasal drip, and cough, especially at night.
His symptoms are perennial, but mainly from March through October. He says he has been getting allergy injections
sporadically over the past 5 years, but is not doing well.
His history sheet reveals that he is exposed to a cat and also to dust and other factors in his household, and that seems
to make him worse. He has been on Entex medication, the only treatment he has had other than his injections.
The physical examination revealed the lungs were clear. There were no rales. There were decreased breath sounds on
expiration. The nasal turbinates [the bones that divide the large nasal cavity] were boggy and dusky (gray) bilaterally.
There were no obvious pus pockets. There was premaxillary edema bilaterally, especially on the right. There was mild
postnasal drip, and there was mild cervical lymphadenopathy. There was slight tenderness in the epigastric region, but
no evidence of any masses or liver or spleen enlargement.
Skin scratch testing was performed, revealing a definite allergy to trees, grasses, weeds, ragweed, mold, and also to
feathers, house dust and mite dust, and dogs and cats.
The patient also had a pulmonary function that was unremarkable. There is still engorgement on clinical examination.
Assessment/Plan: The patient is a 16 yo male w/ a PMH significant for allergies, who presents with chronic upper
respiratory symptoms consistent with allergic rhinitis.
The patient was started on beclomethasone and instructed to use two sprays in each nostril every 12 hours. He is to
continue the guaifenesin/phenylephrine, the same dose you have prescribed, as needed and he is to receive regular
allergy injections.
We will begin with injections twice a week as long as he can tolerate this, namely without his arms getting sore or
developing any other clinical symptoms of congestion from the shots. If he can’t continue, we will have to drop him
back to once a week. These injections should be given for a year and then tapered down slowly to reach once a month
for 3 years, if possible.
Thank you for referring this patient. Vaccines will be sent to your office as well as the copies of other records on this
patient.
Jerry Perlmutter, M.D.
Discussion Questions
1.
What does the term bilaterally mean?
2.
Mild cervical lymphadenopathy was noted. Look up whether cervical can refer to more than one body system.
What is it referring to in this context?
3.
Use your knowledge of word parts to figure out what lymphadenopathy means.
4.
The report states that there was some slight tenderness in the epigastric region. Where is this located?
Copyright © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
54
Chapter 2
MEDICAL MYSTERY DISCUSSION QUESTIONS ANSWER KEY
1.
A genetic disorder, also known as a hereditary disorder, is a pathologic condition caused by an absent or
defective gene. Some genetic disorders are obvious at birth. Other may manifest (become evident) at any time in
life.
2.
Down syndrome, hemophilia, Huntington’s disease, and muscular dystrophy are all genetic disorders.
3.
The thoracic cavity surrounds and protects the heart and the lungs.
4.
Each newly formed individual receives two genes of each genetic trait: one from the father and one from the
mother. When the same recessive gene is inherited from both parents, the offspring will have that condition.
When a recessive gene is inherited from only one parent, and a normal gene is inherited from the other parent, the
offspring will not have the condition. However, this child will carry the trait. This means that the child does not
have the disease but can transmit this gene to his or her offspring.
SOAP NOTE ANSWER KEY
1. Dysplasia is abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs (dys- means bad, and -plasia means
formation).
2. The right hypochondriac region is the region of the abdomen covered by the right lower ribs.
3. A pathologist specializes in the laboratory analysis of tissue samples to confirm or establish a diagnosis.
CASE STUDY DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
ANSWER KEY
1.
Lateral means the direction toward or nearer the side, so bilateral refers to something occurring on both sides of
the body (bi- is the prefix for two or both).
2.
In this context, cervical refers to the neck, specifically to a chain of lymph nodes in the neck. Cervical can also
refer to the cervix in the female reproductive system. Both derive from the Latin term for neck, since the female
cervix is shaped somewhat like a neck.
3.
Lymph is a clear colorless fluid, and aden/o refers to a gland. The suffix -pathy, which means disease, comes from
the Greek word “pathos,” which broadly means suffering.
So one might put them together to say: a suffering or diseased lymph gland. This would be an approximate
understanding of lymphadenopathy, in which the lymph glands are swollen due to some manner of inflammation
or infection.
4.
The epigastric region is the region along the midline of the body above the stomach.
Copyright © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
The Human Body in Health and Disease and Word Part Review
FIGURE 2.1 Word Part Jeopardy Playing Grid
Prefixes
Combining Forms
Suffixes
Terms
Hodge Podge
100
100
100
100
100
200
200
200
200
200
300
300
300
300
300
400
400
400
400
400
500
500
500
500
500
Copyright © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
55
56
Chapter 2
FIGURE 2.2
Questions for Word Part Jeopardy
Prefixes
Host
Contestant
100
PRE-
What prefix means before?
200
POST-
What prefix means after?
300
HYPO-
What prefix means below, under, or decreased?
400
ENDO-
What prefix means within?
500
PERI-
What prefix means surrounding?
Combining Forms
100
ADIP/O
What combining form means fat?
200
NEUR/O
What combining form means nerve?
300
GASTR/O
What combining form means stomach?
400
MY/O
What combining form means muscle?
500
CYT/O
What combining form means cell?
100
-ITIS
What suffix means inflammation?
200
-ECTOMY
What suffix means surgical removal?
300
-PLASTY
What suffix means surgical repair?
400
-RRHEA
What suffix means flow or discharge?
500
-RRHEXIS
What suffix means rupture?
100
tonsillitis
What term means inflammation of the tonsils?
200
gastralgia
What term means pain in the stomach?
300
viral
What term means pertaining to a virus?
400
appendectomy
What term means the surgical removal of the appendix?
500
myorrhaphy
What term means to suture a muscle?
100
-MALACIA
What suffix means abnormal softening?
200
HYPER-
What prefix means over, above, increased?
300
NATAL
What root word means pertaining to birth?
400
RHIN/O
What combining form means nose?
500
a combining vowel
What is used when the suffix begins with a consonant?
Suffixes
Terms
Hodge Podge
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