Download KS3 Physics revision questions 1 - Forces, Motion

KS3 Physics revision questions 1 - Forces, Motion, Pressure, The Earth and beyond
Answers L4 – 8
Level 4
1.
(a)
•
2 (L3)
Sun
Earth
Moon
if all three lines are correct, award two
marks
if one or two lines are correct, award one
mark
if more than one line is drawn from any part
of the solar system, award no credit for that
part
(b)
•
2 (L3)
Sun
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
award one mark for the Sun in the correct
position
award one mark for both Earth and Neptune
in the correct positions
(c)
(i)
any one from
1 (L4)
• weather forecasting
accept ‘weather’
• communications
accept ‘phone’ or ‘fax’
• telescopes
• global positioning system
accept ‘GPS’
• TV
• spying
accept ‘taking photographs’
Ballard School
1
• internet
(ii)
• gravity
1 (L4)
if more than one box is ticked, award no
mark
[6]
2.
(a)
3 (L3)
A
the weight of the
buggy
B
the force pulling the
buggy along
C
the friction between the
skis and the snow
D
if more than one line is drawn from any
one force award no mark for that force
(b)
800
1 (L4)
accept ‘80 x 10’
(c)
any one from
1 (L4)
· it weighed more
(d)
· the mass was greater
accept ‘it was heavier’
· it weighed less at the end
accept ‘it only weighed 130 at the end’
accept ‘there was more food or fuel
or supplies’
accept ‘more pressure’
any one from
· they spread out the weight
1 (L4)
accept ‘they do not sink into the snow’
accept ‘wheels sink’
· they have a bigger surface or area
· they can slide easily
accept ‘they reduce the pressure’
accept ‘less friction’
‘they are bigger’ is insufficient
‘it can slide’ is insufficient
Ballard School
2
(e)
any one from
1 (L4)
· there is a bigger surface or area
· there is a bigger force
· it catches more air or wind
do not accept ‘there is more air resistance’
[7]
3.
(a)
The Moon is nearer to the
Earth than the Sun is
if more than one box is ticked,
award no mark
1 (L4)
(b)
(i)
11.16
accept any number from 11.15 to 11.17
1 (L3)
(ii)
it decreased or went down
1 (L4)
because the Moon blocked the accept ‘there was no sunlight to give heat’
Sun’s heat or rays or radiation
accept ‘there was no Sun to make it warm’
accept ‘there was no heat from the Sun’
accept ‘there was no Sun’
both the answer and the reason are required
for the mark
do not accept ‘it blocked the Sun’s light’
[3]
4.
(a)
(i)
four arrows, all towards the centre of the Earth
1 (L4)
A
B
D
C
all four arrows, correctly drawn, are
required for the mark
the arrows may be drawn outside the Earth
Ballard School
3
(b)
(ii)
ball hanging towards the centre of the Earth at B, C and D
1 (L4)
all three positions, B, C and D, are required
for the mark
(i)
365 days
accept ‘365’
1 (L3)
(ii)
24 hours
accept ‘24’
1 (L3)
[4]
5.
(a)
(i)
A
1 (L3)
(ii)
D
1 (L3)
(iii)
E
1 (L4)
(iv)
G
1 (L4)
accept ‘Jupiter’
(b)
(i)
a bar drawn to 12 N/kg
(ii)
any one from
1 (L4)
the top of the bar must be in the
middle third between 10 and 15
1 (L4)
· Jupiter
· Saturn
· Neptune
(iii)
Jupiter
1 (L4)
[7]
6.
(a)
accept ‘skate’
(i)
ice skate
(ii)
Tom’s weight on the footwear 
1 (L3)
1 (L3)
if more than one box is ticked, award no
mark
(b)
any one from
1 (L3)
 they do not sink in
 they have a big surface
Ballard School
accept ‘they are wide’ or ‘they are big’
accept ‘they spread out your weight’
do not accept ‘you won’t get your feet stuck
in the snow’
accept ‘they reduce the pressure’
do not accept ‘they spread out your
pressure’
4
(c)
friction
1 (L4)
[4]
7.
(a)
any suitable independent variable such as
1 (L4)
· the surface
· the angle of the slope
· the kind of object
· the size of the push
accept specific variations in objects, such as,
‘weight’ or ‘mass’ or ‘surface area’ or ‘type
of trainer sole’ or ‘type of shoe’
(b)
any suitable dependent variable such as
1 (L4)
· the distance travelled
· the time to move down the ramp
· the force needed to start the object moving
· the angle of the ramp at which the object starts moving
accept ‘the time to reach a given point’
accept ‘angle or height of ramp’
accept ‘speed’
a dependent variable (DV) without an
independent variable (IV) can gain credit
any appropriate equipment to measure the dependent variable such as
1 (L4)
· ruler or metre rule
· stopwatch or timer or light gates
· newton meter
· protractor
accept ‘tape measure’
accept ‘clock’
do not accept a measurement strategy
if a DV is not given or is incorrect
Ballard School
5
(c)
any appropriate control variable such as
1 (L4)
· the object used
· the angle of the slope
· the surface used
· the height of the ramp
· the length of the ramp
accept ‘distance travelled’
only give credit for a control variable which
does not conflict with the suggested
investigation
[4]
Level 5
8.
(a)
they reflect or scatter light
from the Sun
(b)
it goes into the shadow of the Earth
(c)
any one from
accept ‘light reflects off it’
or ‘light reflects on it’
do not accept ‘light reflects onto it’
or ‘light shines on them’
1 (L5)
1 (L5)
accept ‘it is eclipsed’ or ‘it is not in the 1 (L6)
sunlight’ or ‘it is no longer reflecting the
sunlight’
accept ‘it goes into the shadow of the Moon’
or ‘it goes in front of the Moon’
do not accept ‘it goes behind the Moon’
or ‘the Moon gets in the way’
or ‘the satellite tumbles’
1 (L5)
 weather forecasting
 navigation or position finding
 communications
accept ‘satellite TV’ or ‘TV’ or ‘telephone’
or ‘radio’
 astronomy or looking at the stars
 to take pictures of the Earth
accept ‘spying’ or ‘surveillance’ or ‘to see
changes in the environment or in land-use’
accept ‘for defence’ or ‘as weapons’
[4]
Ballard School
6
9.
(a)
(b)
(i)
C
it is the closest to the Sun
1 (L5)
accept ‘it is closer or close’
both the letter and the correct explanation
are required for the mark
(ii)
an arrow from each of the points A, B, C and D towards the Sun
1 (L5)
all four arrows are required for the mark
(iii)
A
1 (L6)
it is furthest from the Sun or the effect of the Sun’s gravity is weakest
accept ‘it is further or far away’
accept ‘gravity is low or lower’
both the letter and the correct explanation
are required for the mark
(i)
a number greater than 2870 and smaller than 5900
(ii)
the further away the lower the temperature
1 (L5)
accept the converse
accept ‘the further away the colder it is’
(iii)
any one from
1 (L5)
1 (L6)
· planets further away receive less energy or heat
accept ‘light’ for energy
do not accept ‘the Sun’s heat cannot
reach heat planets that are far away’
· energy from the Sun spreads out
accept ‘the Sun’s rays are weaker or
not as strong’
‘the Sun is weaker’ is insufficient
· less heat reaches the planets that are further away
[6]
Ballard School
7
10.
(a)
(b)
(i)
it is between 20 g and
40 g
(ii)
any one from
(i)
accept a number greater than 20 and
less than 40
‘more than 20’ or ‘less than 40’ are
insufficient
1 (L5)
1 (L5)
 cut a slot between 20
and 40
accept ‘add a mark for 30’
 cut more slots
accept ‘add more weights’
award a mark for an answer referring to
cutting a slot for any mass between
20 g and 40 g
any one from
1 (L6)
 it is on the wrong side
of the pivot
accept ‘it is past the pivot line’
award a mark for an answer indicating that
it is on the wrong side of the pivot
 it would not make the
scale tip
(ii)
accept ‘the scale is supported on this side’
accept ‘it does not produce a clockwise moment’
do not accept ‘because the cardboard would
tilt the other way’
‘it would not work’ is insufficient
a line drawn between the 40 g and 100 g slots
1 (L5)
accept answers which clearly indicate the
correct position on the diagram
the line must not touch the slots for 40 g or
100 g
[4]
Ballard School
8
11.
4 (L5)
The Earth spins on its
axis.
A ship going out to sea
goes out of sight.
The Earth is a sphere.
We have day and night.
The Earth orbits the
Sun and the Earth’s
axis is tilted.
We have summer and
winter.
Gravity attracts objects
towards the Earth.
One year on earth is
365 days.
The Earth orbits the
Sun.
if more than one line is drawn from an
observation, award no mark for that
observation
[4]
12.
(a)
any one from
1 (L5)
 Mercury
 Venus
 Earth
(b)
it rotates on its axis
Ballard School
accept ‘it spins’ or ‘it turns on its axis’ 1 (L5)
or ‘it rotates’ or ‘it turns’
accept ‘it spins as it goes round the Sun’
do not accept ‘it spins and it goes
round the Sun’
do not accept ‘it goes round or moves round’
9
(c)
its axis is tilted
1 (L6)
accept ‘sometimes one pole is closer to the
Sun and sometimes the other is’ or
‘sometimes one pole is in daylight’
[3]
13.
(a)
A and B
(b)
(i)
both answers are required for the mark 1 (L5)
answers may be in any order
any one from
1 (L5)
 the longer the string, the longer it takes
accept the converse
 the longer the string the more time it takes
references to both length and time are
required for the mark
(ii)
(c)
A and C and D
E: 10.0
F: from 18 to 25
answers may be in any order
1 (L5)
accept ‘B and C and D’ if part (a) is correct
all three answers are required for the mark
accept ‘10’
1 (L6)
both answers are required for the mark
[4]
14.
accept ‘they are further from the Sun’
or ‘they are furthest away’ or ‘Pluto is
furthest from the Sun’
do not accept ‘they are far from the Sun’
1
(i)
it is below the freezing point of water
accept ‘it would freeze’ or ‘it is too cold’
1
(ii)
it is above the boiling point of water
1
accept ‘it would boil’ or ‘it would evaporate’
or ‘it is too hot’
do not accept ‘it would dry up’ or ‘it is too
close to the Sun’
(a)
they are furthest from the Sun
(b)
(c)
Jupiter
Ballard School
1
10
(d)
Mercury
1
(e)
gravity
1
do not accept ‘weight’
[6]
15.
(a)
(b)
Both the correct ball and the correct reason are required for the mark.
the bowling ball because it has the greatest mass or it is the heaviest
do not accept ‘because it is bigger’
‘the bowling ball because it is bigger’
insufficient
1 (L5)
any one from
1 (L5)
 they are the same diameter
accept ‘they are the same size’
 they produce the same air resistance or friction
(c)
(i)
they would both reach the ground at the same time
(ii)
air resistance
(iii)
either
accept ‘friction’
 the feather and the hammer landed at the same time
there is no atmosphere or air resistance or air on the moon
1 (L5)
1 (L5)
1 (L6)
1 (L6)
or
 they would take longer to fall on the moon
1 (L6)
because there is lower gravity than on the Earth
1 (L6)
do not accept ‘there is no gravity on the
moon’
[6]
Ballard School
11
Level 6
16.
(a)
A
1 (L5)
(b)
any one from
1 (L6)
· he will remain stationary
accept ‘he floats’
· he will continue moving at a constant speed
accept ‘nothing’
any one from
1 (L6)
· there is no net force
· the pairs of forces are equal
accept ‘all the forces cancel out’
accept ‘they cancel each other out’
accept ‘the forces are balanced’
‘the forces are equal’ is insufficient
(c)
accept any arrow drawn going up and
to the right
1 (L6)
[4]
17.
(a)
a letter E to show that the Earth has travelled through 90° of its orbit
1 (L5)
V
Sun
E
Venus
Earth
M
Mars
the letter E must be on the Earth’s orbit
(b)
(i)
Ballard School
a letter M to show that Mars has travelled through
1 (L6)
less than 90° of its orbit
the letter M must be on the orbit of Mars
12
(ii)
any one from
1 (L6)
 outer planets move more slowly
 it moves more slowly
 outer planets take longer to orbit
 Mars has a longer year
(c)
accept ‘the orbit of Mars is longer’
or ‘the outer planets have further to go’
accept ‘because Mars takes 1.9 Earth years
to orbit the Sun’
(i)
a letter V to show that Venus has travelled through more than 90°
1 (L6)
of its orbit and less than 180°
the letter V must be on the orbit of Venus
(ii)
any one from
1 (L6)
 inner planets move more quickly
 it moves more quickly
 inner planets take less time to orbit
 Venus has a shorter year
accept ‘the orbit of Venus is shorter’ or ‘the
inner planets have less far to go’
accept ‘because Venus takes 0.6 Earth years
to orbit the Sun’
[5]
18.
(a)
150
(b)
there is nothing to balance the force of the string
1
accept ‘it is pushed by the string’ accept
‘there is a forward force acting on it’ accept
‘potential energy is converted to kinetic
energy’ or ‘energy from the bow is
transferred to the arrow’
Ballard School
1
13
(c)
any one from
1
 because they are not in opposite directions
accept ‘because they are in different
directions’ or ‘because they are at an angle
to each other’ or ‘because they are not both
horizontal’
do not accept ‘because they are at an angle’
 because they do not act along the same line
accept ‘gravity pulls down and friction
pushes across’
(d)
any one from
1
 because the force is concentrated in a much smaller area
accept ‘because the area in contact is
smaller’
or ‘because there is a smaller area’
 because pressure is force divided by area
[4]
19.
(a)
He observed the environment.
1 (L5)
if more than one box is ticked, award no
mark
(b)
any one from
1 (L6)
 data from further away can be
accept ‘equipment can land on the planet’
collected
 data from fainter objects or
smaller details can be collected
 data is clearer because there is no accept ‘telescopes can be sited outside
atmospheric distortion
Earth’s atmosphere’
 more information is collected
 more detailed or more accurate
information
 wider spectrum of information including
photographs or pictures of planet
 other radiation can be detected
a mark may be awarded for a description of
a specific way
information is different or a description of a
specific way
previous limitations are reduced
(c)
any one from
 our knowledge is increasing
 our knowledge is changing
Ballard School
1 (L6)
accept ‘we probably do not know everything
about the solar system’
14
(d)
any one from
 new evidence which challenges
ideas may be collected
 there might be a new way of
thinking about how the facts fit
together
 new interpretations of evidence
 old ideas do not explain the
observation
1 (L6)
accept ‘more observations’
accept ‘new evidence’
accept ‘old ideas do not work or fit data’
[4]
20.
(a)
any one from
1 (L5)
• she is not moving or falling
accept ‘she has not dived or jumped’
award a mark for an answer which implies
she is not moving
• she is standing still
accept ‘she is still’
(b)
(i)
• 8
(ii)
any one from
1 (L5)
1 (L6)
• the total energy is the same
accept ‘they are the same
• the gravitational potential and the kinetic energy add up to 8
accept ‘they all add up to 8’
(c)
(i)
• gravity
(ii)
any one from
1 (L5)
accept ‘gravitational’ or ‘gravitational pull’
accept ‘weight’
do not accept ‘mass’
1 (L6)
• the distance between stages or drawings increases
accept ‘they are further apart’
• she falls further each time
accept ‘the positions are further apart’
accept ‘the arrows get longer
accept ‘her kinetic energy increases’
‘by the position of her body’ is insufficient
Ballard School
15
(d)
any one from
1 (L6)
• friction
accept ‘water resistance’
do not accept ‘air resistance’
• drag
accept ‘upthrust
‘resistance’ is insufficient
[6]
21.
accept ‘6 kg’
do not accept ‘24 N’
(a)
Mars
(b)
any one from
(d)
1 (L5)
 4 kg weighs more on Earth
accept the converse
‘different weights’ is insufficient
 the weight of the object is
greater on Earth
accept the converse
accept ‘Earth is 40 N and Venus is 36 N’
accept ‘Earth is 40 and Venus is 36’
accept ‘more newtons on Earth’ or ‘less
newtons on Venus’
accept ‘there is a greater force on Earth’
do not accept ‘it has more mass on the
Earth’
(c)
1 (L5)
answers must be in the correct order
 less (than) or smaller (than) or
lower (than)
1 (L6)
 the same (as) or equal (to)
1 (L6)
(i)
 the greater the distance
(ii)
 an answer from 1.6 to 6 inclusive
Ballard School
accept ‘it increases’
the greater the time for
one orbit
1 (L5)
1 (L6)
16
(e)
1 (L6)
award a mark for X marked on the orbit
within the tolerances shown
[7]
22.
(a)
• X: the Sun
1 (L5)
• Y: Mercury
(b)
1
any two from
2 (L6)
• it has a longer orbit
• it is further from the Sun
• the Sun’s gravity is less
• it is slower
accept ‘it has a bigger orbit’
accept ‘it has a greater distance to cover’
accept ‘it is further out’
accept ‘Mars is closer to the Sun’
accept ‘there is a smaller gravitational pull
on it’
‘it is further away’ or ‘it is further’ are
insufficient
(c)
(i)
any one from
1 (L6)
• the orbit times were the same
• it came at regular intervals
• they saw it every 76 years
accept ‘he took 1531 from 1607 and 1607
from 1683’
(ii)
• 2062
1 (L5)
[6]
23.
(a)
(i)
Ballard School
point plotted for (150, 1.5)
to ± half a small square
1 (L5)
17
(ii)
line of best fit
1 (L6)
the anomalous point should be avoided
the line need not be drawn through the origin
(b)
point at (300, 3.8) circled
accept this result circled in the table
(c)
(i)
a number from 640 to 660
1 (L6)
(ii)
a number from 0.4 to 0.6
1 (L6)
1 (L6)
consequential marking applies to both c i
and c ii
accept answers consistent with the graph
drawn
(d)
any one from
1 (L6)
the answer must refer to the results or the
pattern shown by the results
 the pattern is revealed or
observed more easily
accept ‘it allows you to see a pattern’
 it tells you the pattern without
working it out
accept ‘you can tell the rule by looking at it’
 it gives readings between the
recorded readings
accept ‘it is easier to make predictions’
 you can see if there are results
that are wrong or do not fit the
pattern
accept ‘it shows better or more quickly the more
mass the more weight’
accept ‘the data is continuous’
do not accept ‘it is more accurate or precise’
[6]
Level 7
24.
(a)
(i)
75
Nm
accept ‘50 × 1.5’
1 (L7)
1 (L7)
do not accept lower case n
(ii)
Ballard School
750
50  1.5
‘ or ‘50 × 15’
1 (L7)
0.1
accept the numerical answer to part (i) ÷ 0.1
accept ‘
18
(b)
any one from
 a current flows in the coil
 the coil or the iron core
becomes magnetised
any one from
 the counterweight is attracted
to the coil or core or the
electromagnet
 the electromagnet produces a
bigger moment
1 (L7)
accept ‘there is a magnetic field’ or ‘the
electromagnet switches on
do not accept ‘the core becomes magnetic’
1 (L7)
accept ‘the left-hand side of the barrier
moves down’
‘the right-hand side moves up’ is insufficient
[5]
25.
(a)
(b)
2
accept ‘0.2 × 10’
1 (L7)
Ncm
accept ‘cmN’
accept ‘0.02 Nm’ for both marks
1 (L7)
(ii)
2 (Ncm)
accept ‘0.02 Nm’
1 (L7)
accept ‘the same’
unit not required
the mark for the unit may be awarded here
if not given in part (a)(i)
accept the numerical answer to (a)(i)
consequential marking applies
(iii)
0.1
1 (L7)
accept the numerical answer to (a)(ii) ÷ 20
accept the numerical answer to
(a)(i) ÷ 20 if (a)(ii) has been omitted or if
the answer given to (a)(ii) is ‘the same’
consequential marking applies
(i)
0.3
accept the answer to (a)(iii)+ 0.2
consequential marking applies
1 (L7)
[5]
Ballard School
19
26.
(a)
25
(b)
any one from
 greater than 27 N/cm2
accept ‘175 ÷ 7’
1 (L7)
the unit is required for the mark
do not accept ‘27 N/cm2’
1 (L7)
 greater than the pressure in the tyre
accept any answer greater than 27 N/cm2
(c)
2850
1 (L7)
[3]
27.
(a)
500
N cm
(b)
125
(c)
(i)
(ii)
accept ‘5 N m’ for both marks
consequential marking applies
accept answer to(a)  4 cm
1500
N/cm2
accept ‘15 000 000 N/m2’ for both marks
any one from
• increase handle length
• decrease distance from pivot to peg
• reduce the area of the peg
accept ‘sharpen it’ or ‘make it a cylinder
or hollow’
1
1
1
1
1
1
[6]
28.
(a)
(b)
(i)
40
consequential marking applies
1 (L7)
(ii)
1.6
accept answer (a) (i)  25
1 (L7)
1.5 km/min
accept ‘4 min =
1.5 × 60 = 90
accept ‘6 
1
h’ or ‘0.067h’
15
1 (L7)
1
= 90’ or ‘6  0.067 = 90’ 1 (L7)
15
award both marks for a correct answer even
if no working is shown
[4]
Ballard School
20
29.
(a)
(b)
0.96
accept ‘0.06 × 16’
Ncm
accept ‘cmN’
1 (L7)
accept for both marks ‘0.0096 Nm’
do not accept lower case n for N
the mark for the unit may be given in (b) ( i)
provided it is not contradicted in part ( a)
(i)
any one from
1 (L7)
1 (L7)
 0. 96 Ncm
 the same as the carbon dioxide balloon
accept the same numerical answer given in
(a) ( the unit is not required)
accept ‘the same’
(ii)
0.02
1 (L7)
consequential marking applies
accept numerical answer to (b) (i)÷48
[4]
30.
(a)
(i)
Paul
James
Sylvia
1 (L7)
accept ‘light’
accept ‘vibration’
accept ‘sound’
answers must be in the correct order
all three answers in the correct order
are required for the mark
(b)
accept ' 1020'
340
(ii)
3
(i)
the energy or the sound is more spread out
1 (L7)
accept ‘some of the sound is absorbed by the
air’
accept ‘the amplitude decreases’
‘vibrations decrease’ is insufficient
Ballard School
1 (L7)
21
(ii)
2 (L7)
award one mark for a wave with a
smaller amplitude
award one mark for a wave with the
same frequency
award the marks for a wave with the correct
amplitude and frequency but which is
not centred
on the middle line of the grid or which
is not in phase with the drawn wave
the marks may be awarded for a wave drawn
on Sylvia’s grid
[5]
Level 8
31.
(a)
1°
accept ‘1’ or ‘0.986’
1
accept any number between 0.9856 and 1.000
(b)
23.93 hours
accept any number between 23.9 and 23.935 1
hours or 23 hours and 56 minutes
accept ‘
(c)
366.26 or 366.31 times
24  360
‘ for one mark
361
consequential marking applies if the time is 1
less than 24 hours in (b)
accept answers from 366.2 to 366.6 rotations
accept ‘366 times’
[3]
32.
(a)
180 seconds: the parachute opened
360 seconds: she landed
Ballard School
answers must be in the correct order
do not accept ‘her speed dropped’
1
1
22
(b)
any one from
1
 the slope of the graph decreases or the curve gets less steep
 the graph begins to level out
 the acceleration gets less
accept ‘it curves between A and B’
(c)
B and D
letters may be in either order both
letters are required for the mark
(d)
(i)
any answer between 1000 m and 1350 m
the unit is required for the mark
1
(ii)
because its speed takes time to reach 6 m/s
accept ‘because the speed is not constant’
1
1
 because it was slowing down at first
 because the speed is difficult to read
accept ‘because the speed may not be
exactly 6 m/s’
accept ‘because the graph curves at the
corner’
[6]
33.
(a)
(b)
(i)
40 N/cm2
the unit is required for the mark
accept ‘400 000 Pa’
1
(ii)
200 N
the unit of force is required for the
mark consequential marking applies
accept numerical answer to (a)(i) ×5 cm2
1
(i)
200 N
the unit is required for the mark
1
(ii)
1600 N
the unit of force is required for the
mark consequential marking applies
accept numerical answer to (b) (i) × 8
1
[4]
34.
(a)
(i)
(ii)
Ballard School
450
1
Ncm
accept ‘cmN’
accept ‘4.5 N m’ for both marks
1
300
the unit is not required for the mark
consequential marking applies
accept the numerical answer to
(a) (i) ÷ 1.5 cm
1
23
(b)
(i)
(ii)
400 000
accept ‘40 N/m2’ or ‘40 Pa’ for both marks
1
N/cm2
1
because the area of contact will increase
1
[6]
Ballard School
24