Download NAME PERIOD ______ DATE MID-TERM STUDY GUIDE 6.0/HP

NAME _________________________________________ PERIOD _______ DATE ___________________
MID-TERM STUDY GUIDE 6.0/HP
1.
Define science. The systematic study of the Universe (nature) using the scientific method.
2.
List the instrument and the unit used to measure:
Volume: ___Graduated Cylinder__________
Length: ______Ruler_________
Mass:
3.
__Balance_______________
_____Liters____________
_______Meters___________
_________Grams_____________
Measure the key in both centimeters and convert it to millimeters.
____3.3_____ cm. = ______33_____ mm.
4. A. Using water displacement (Figure 2), calculate the volume of the rock. Show your work & correct unit!
40mL-20mL= 20mL
B. If the mass of the rock = 60 grams, what is the density of the rock? Show your work & correct unit!
D= m/v m= 60g v= 20mL
60g/20mL= 3g/mL
5. Compare and contrast the 3 states of matter. Include information about each one’s shape, volume, the
arrangement and motion of particles.
Solid: Definite shape, definite volume, particles move slowest (coolest temperature), particles packed closely
together, particles cannot change positions- most dense for almost all substances
Liquid: No definite shape, has definite volume, particles move faster than solid- but slower than gases, particles
still close together but far enough that they can slide and change positions.
Gas: No definite shape, no definite volume, particles move fastest, particles are far apart.
6. In an atom:
A proton is: Positively charged, mass of 1, located in the nucleus
A neutron is: Has no charge (neutral), mass of 1, located in the nucleus
An electron is: Negatively charged, almost zero mass, located outside of the nucleus
The atomic number equals: # of protons
The mass number equals: # of protons & Neutrons added together (# of particles in the nucleus)
7. Given a periodic table:
How do you find the number of protons in an element? Atomic #
How do you find the number of neutrons? Atomic mass – Atomic #
How do you find the number of electrons? Equals the atomic #
8. What is the difference between an element, a compound and a mixture? Give an example of each.
Element is a single type of atom- gold (Au), oxygen (O)
Compound is 2 or more elements chemically combined- water (H2O), salt (NaCl)
Mixture is 2 or more substances combined, but not through a chemical reaction, they can be separated by
sorting, filtering, or change of state. Trail mix, raisin bran, Lucky Charms
9. What is the difference between a chemical and physical change? Give an example of each.
Chemical change: changes what the substance is. Sodium metal (Na)+ Chlorine gas (Cl) = Salt (NaCl)
Physical change: Change in the size, shape, or state of a substance. It does not change the substance. Ripping
paper is still paper, freezing water into ice is still water, dissolving salt into water.
10. List and describe the six phase changes and whether energy is gained or lost to cause each one.
Melting: solid to liquid- energy is gained
Freezing: liquid to solid- energy is lost
Evaporation: liquid to gas- energy is gained
Condensation: gas to liquid- energy is lost
Sublimation: solid to gas- energy is gained
Deposition: gas to solid- energy is lost
11. Density of Liquid A = 1.98 g/mL
Density of Liquid B = 0.75 g/mL
Density of Liquid C = 1.14 g/mL
Density of Liquid D = 0.50 g/mL
If the liquids were poured into a beaker, they create a density column.
Using the densities, label the beaker.
D
B
C
A
12. Write the formula to calculate density. What is the density of the object if the mass is 250 grams and has a
volume of 500 ml? Will this object sink or float when placed in water? Explain your answer.
D=m/v m= 250g, v=500mL
D= 250g/500mL= 0.5g/mL The density of water is 1 g/mL, so it will float.
Below is a scenario. Read it carefully and answer Questions #13 - 18.
A. Shara wanted to find out if flowers grew faster with sugar in the water.
B. She believed the sugar would make the flower grow faster.
C. Shara filled 4 jars with 200 ml of water. Jar A had 10 ml of sugar added; Jar B had 20 ml. of sugar
added and Jar C had 30 ml. of sugar added.
D. Jar D had no sugar in it.
E. The flowers in the sugar water all died. The more sugar in the water, the faster the flowers died.
F. The flower in Jar D ( no sugar) lasted for 10 days.
13. Which letter represents the problem? ___A_____
14. In which statement does Shara state her hypothesis? ________B_______
15. What is the control in the experiment? _________________D_________________________________
16. What is the independent variable in this experiment? ___Amount of sugar___________________
17. What is the dependent variable in this experiment? ___Time flowers lasted___________________
18. In which statement is the conclusion? ____E__
19. Using the chart, explain how you could distinguish between magnetite and hematite?
All properties are very similar except streak & color, Magnetite has a black streak & color, hematite has a red
streak & color
20. Which mineral in the table will scratch every other mineral in the table? ___corundum______
21. List the hardness of the following from the field hardness kit.
Fingernail = 2.5
copper =
3
glass = 5.5
22. What does the streak tell you about the mineral?
The color of the mineral’s powder- a better identifier than color alone
23.
What are some negative effects of mining?
Pollution of land, water, and air
Scars the landscape
24. List the two classifications of igneous rocks. Define and give an example of each.
Intrusive: Magma cools below ground, large crystals (grains)- granite
Extrusive: Lava cools above ground, small crystals (grains)- basalt
25. List the three classifications of sedimentary rocks. Define and give an example of each.
Clastic: made of particles glued together- sandstone, shale, conglomerate
Organic: made from once living things- coal, fossils
Chemical (Evaporite): form from evaporating water- Halite (rock salt),
26. Name and describe the 5 agents of physical weathering
Temperature change- freezing & thawing- ice wedging
Pressure change- release of pressure causes rock to expand and crack
Animal action- animals dig exposing rock to air & water
Abrasion- wind, water, & gravity make particles grind against each other
Plant growth- roots force into cracks making them wider.
27. Explain why fossils are usually found in sedimentary rocks rather than igneous or metamorphic rocks.
Fossils form when sediment buries and preserves the organism, which is the method that sedimentary rocks
form. The formation of igneous & metamorphic rocks destroys and organic matter of fossil contained within.
28. How are rocks and minerals similar? How are they different?
Minerals are made of just one type of mineral, rocks can be made of one or more minerals.
Minerals cannot be organic, but rocks can.
They are both solid, naturally occurring, have crystal shape
29. How do animals aid in soil formation?
Rock is weathered by digging and chipping rock, mixing sediments with air & water for increased weathering,
& mix organic matter into the soil.
30. Bedrock has been exposed at the surface, what are the steps/processes involved to create a developed soil
profile?
Parent rock is weathered
Weathered material is deposited
Organic matter is added to the weathered material
Decomposers break down organic matter and form a layer of humus
31. Draw and explain the processes within the rock cycle..
Melting makes Igneous rock
Heat, pressure, & chemicals make Metamorphic rock
Weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, & cementation makes Sedimentary rock