Download The Trojan War

The Trojan War
Where’s Troy?
•Troy is across ________________________________
•Troy was also called _______________________________
•A well-walled city with broad streets and beautiful palaces…until the Trojan War.
•Until the 19th century it was generally believed _______________________________
•But, in 1871, a German archaeologist began excavating an ancient site on the west coast of
____________________.
•He had identified Troy's location through ____________________________________
•The Trojan War actually occurred: The city of Troy ____________________________
•Archaeologists have found historical evidence of the war.
•Was it exactly as told in The Iliad?
–__________________________________________________________________
–But Homer’s version (The Iliad) is more exciting!
–Some of the characters may have been based on real personalities.
Who?
•Greeks (Achaeans)
•Trojans
Homer
•Homer, name traditionally assigned to the author of the _______________________, the two
major epics of Greek antiquity
•The poems were composed in the Greek settlements on the coast of Asia Minor in the
__________________________________________
How did it start?
_________, goddess of discord, was not invited to a wedding banquet on Mt. Olympus.
So, into the hall, Eris tossed ________________inscribed, “For the fairest.”
Athena, Hera, and Aphrodite asked ________to decide who deserved the apple.
Zeus, who is no fool, defers to ___________to judge which goddess is the most deserving of such
an honor.
The Judgment of Paris
•Paris was the son of __________________________________.
•He was rather _________________________________________
•Priam had sent him away from Troy because ________________________________
•When the goddesses appeared to him, they each offered him a bribe:
–Athena ________________________________
–Hera _______________________________________
–Aphrodite _________________________________________
Whom did he choose?
•Paris gave the apple to ________________________________.
•She then took Paris to _________________________________
•Hera and Athena, however, __________________________
a. Helen
•Helen was a daughter of _____________________
•She was the wife of _____________________________________
•Menelaus was the brother of __________________________________________
•See the problem?
Helen is Abducted!
•Helen- beautiful daughter of King of Sparta (in Greece)
•Helen has many suitors- they swear an oath to protect Helen
•Father chooses Menelaus- makes him King of Sparta also
•Paris abducts Helen
•____________________ships, including Odysseus & Achilles, leave for Troy
b. The siege of Troy
•After the Trojans refused to restore Helen to Menelaus, the Greek warriors assembled at the Bay
of Aulis and proceeded to Troy in 1000 ships
•Agamemnon was selected as the leader of the force since he gave the most troops to the effort
•The siege lasted ten years, the first nine of which were uneventful; the Iliad is starting the 10th
year
The Bloody Battle
–Hand to hand combat
–Periods of temporary truce to bury the dead
–No fighting after sunset
–Gods took sides
Part II. The destruction of Troy
•The mythological gods gather to debate the fate of the humans—whether they will allow them to
settle their dispute in a civil manner, or whether they will put the forces in motion that will ensure
total destruction for both sides and for an entire civilization
The Gods Take Sides
TROJANS
GREEKS
Odysseus and Achilles Join Late
•Odysseus didn’t want to fight for Helen for two reasons:
1.
2.
•Achilles was kept back by his mother.
–Thetis was a sea nymph who knew he was fated to die in Troy.
–She had dipped him in the river Styx to try and give him immortality. (She held him by the
heel.)
•Both of these great Greek warriors were later called (forced) into battle where they played
important roles in many battles.
Agamemnon
•Leader of all ___________________________________________________
•Sacrificed his daughter (Iphegenia) to Artemis in order to get favorable winds for the ships to
sail to Troy
•Offended Achilles by _____________________________________________
Achilles Pouts
•Because Agamemnon offended him, ________________________
•Then things went badly for the Greeks, and they begged him to return.
•He allowed his friend Patroclus to fight in his place, wearing his armor.
•Patroclus is killed by Hector (who thought it was Achilles).
a. Achilles versus Hector
 To avenge the death of his friend Patroclus, Achilles returned to battle and killed Hector,
the principal Trojan warrior and son of King Priam (King of Troy)
b. Achilles Relents
•King Priam sneaks into the Greek camp and begs Achilles to give him Hector’s body so that his
son may have proper funeral rites.
•Achilles allows Priam to take Hector’s body.
•After Hector’s death, Achilles does not have long to live.
The Death of Achilles
•Achilles was unconquerable by mortal men, but Apollo stepped in.
•Apollo guided Paris’s arrow into the only weak spot Achilles had: his heel.
•Achilles dies from the wound.
•The remaining Greeks decide his divine armor should go to the bravest remaining warrior.
Odysseus Wins
•Odysseus makes a speech explaining why he deserves it, and he is awarded the armor of
Achilles.
•He then devises the final plan to end the Trojan War.
Odysseus and the wooden horse
•Odysseus was the son of ________________________________________________
•However reluctant he may have been to join the expedition, Odysseus fought heroically in the
Trojan War
•He was the originator of the Trojan horse, the stratagem by which the Greeks were finally able to
take the city of Troy itself
The Greeks defeated the Trojans by an act of trickery. Led by Odysseus, they constructed a giant
wooden horse and left it outside the walls of Troy. The Trojans pulled the horse into the city, not
knowing that Greek soldiers were hiding inside the horse. That night, the Greeks crept out of the
horse and took the city by surprise
Odysseus, King of Ithaca, angers the Gods
•Trojans were slaughtered and city sacked and burned
•Greeks violated _________________________________
•Greeks did not ______________________________________________
•Odysseus, creator of Horse, will _________________________________
Conclusion
•The city of Troy was captured at last by treachery
•The Greeks sacked and burned the city
•Only a few Trojans escaped, the most famous being Aeneas, who led the other survivors to what
is present-day Italy; this story is told by Virgil in the Aeneid
•The return of the Greek warriors to Greece inspired epic poems, the most celebrated being that
of Odysseus, whose 10-year wanderings and arrival in Ithaca are told in Homer's Odyssey
2 Epic Poems by Homer, a blind poet
The Iliad
•First written record of Greece
•Describes the events of 51 days during the last year of the war when Achilles kills Hector
The Odyssey
•Describes the 10-year journey of Odysseus as he tries to go home to Ithaca after the Trojan War
•He and his men face monsters, giants, cannibals, temptation, and death