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Name _______________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________
therefore +3 each.
nitrogen(III) oxide
7. a. Carbon is +4 and each oxygen is 2.
b. Carbon is 4 and each hydrogen is +1.
c. Each carbon is 0, each hydrogen is +1,
and each oxygen is 2.
d. Each carbon is 8/3 and each hydrogen
is +1.
8. a. Each iron is +3 and each oxygen is 2.
b. Nitrogen is +4 and each oxygen is 2.
c. Chromium is +4 and each oxygen is 2.
SHORT ANSWER
SECTION 3
Chapter 8
SECTION 1
1. a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
2. a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
SHORT ANSWER
1. a. True
b. False
c. True
2. 10 mol of calcium, 20 mol of nitrogen, 60
mol of oxygen
3. a. 0.250 mol
b. 1.50  1023 molecules
c. 4.51  1023 carbon atoms
d. 10.1%
4. a. 52.9%
b. 2100 lb
5. a. 20 g
b. 0.17 mol
c. 4.0 mol
CuCO3
Na2SO3
(NH4)3PO4
SnS2
HNO2
magnesium perchlorate
iron(II) nitrate
iron(III) nitrite
cobalt(II) oxide
nitrogen(V) oxide
SHORT ANSWER
1. (a) d
(b) a
(c) b
(d) f
(e) e
(f) c
2. 8,4,9
3. a. 12 atoms
b. 16 atoms
c. 51 atoms
d. 3  1024 atoms
4. 2Al(s) + 3CuF2(aq)  2AlF3(aq) + 3Cu(s)
5. NaCl(aq) + AgNO3(aq)  AgCl(s) +
NaNO3(aq)
Section 4

6. a. 2NaHCO 3 (s) 
Na 2 CO 3 (s) 
H 2O( g )  CO 2 ( g )
SHORT ANSWER
1. a. CH3O2
b. N2O5
c. HgCl
d. CH2
2. C4H8
3. a. Na2S2O3
b. neither
4. a. 36
b. 5
c. The second heating is to ensure that all
the water in the sample has been driven off.
If the mass is less after the second heating,
water was still present after the first
|heating.
5. a. CF2
b. C4F8
6. a. CuClO3
b. copper(I) chlorate
b. When solid sodium hydrogen carbonate
(bicarbonate) is heated, it
decomposes into solid sodium carbonate
while releasing carbon dioxide gas and
water vapor.
7. It is balanced but incorrect. In two of the
formulas the subscripts were changed,
which changed the compounds involved.
Water is not H3O, and sodium hydroxide is
not Na2OH. The correct balanced equation is
2NaOH + H2S  Na2S + 2H2O.
8. a 30 mol
b. 40 mol
Section 2
SHORT ANSWER
1. a. c
MIXED REVIEW
b. d
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Modern Chemistry
209
Reaction Energy
Name _______________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________
c. b
2.
3.
4.
5.
electron less tightly, making it more
d. a
c
a
b
a. its separate elements
reactive.
6. Gold has a low reactivity and therefore does
not corrode over time.
7. In single-displacement reactions, if the
activity of the free element is greater than
that of the element in the compound, the
reaction will take place.
8. Yes; because aluminum is above copper in
the activity series, aluminum metal will
replace copper in copper(II) nitrate.
2Al(s) + 3Cu(NO3)2(aq)  2Al(NO3)3(aq)
+ 3Cu(s)
b. metal oxide + water
c. metal oxide + carbon dioxide
d. water + sulfur dioxide
6. CO2, H2O
7. a. single-displacement; Cl2(aq) + 2NaI(aq)
 I2(aq) + 2NaCl(aq)
b. synthesis; 3Mg(s) + N2(g)  Mg3N2(s)
c. double-displacement; Co(NO3)2(aq) +
MIXED REVIEW
H2S(aq) + CoS(s) + 2HNO3(aq)
SHORT ANSWER
d. combustion; C2H5OH(aq) + 3O2(g) 
1. b
2. d
3. a. double-displacement; 3Ba(NO3)2(aq) +
2CO2(g) + 3H2O(l)
8. a. 2C2H2(g) + 5O2(g)  4CO2(g) +
2H2O(l)
2Na3PO4(aq) 
b. 2.0 mol
Ba3(PO4)2(s) + 6NaNO3(aq)
c. 2.5 mol
b. synthesis; 4Al(s) + 3O2(g)  2Al2O3(s)
9. a. BaCl2(aq) + Na2CO3(aq)  BaCO3(s) +
c. no reaction
d. combustion; C3H4(g) + 4O2(g) 
2NaCl(aq)
3CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)
b. double-displacement
10. 2Al2O3(l)  4Al(s) + 3O2(g)
e. decomposition; 2KCl(l)  2K(s) +
Cl2(g)
SECTION 3
4. a. When liquid dimethylhydrazine is mixed
with dinitrogen tetroxide gas, the
SHORT ANSWER
1. Choose from Cu, Ag, Au, Pt, Sb, Bi, and
Hg.
2. Fe forms an oxide in nature, and Ag does
not, because it is much less active.
3. a. F2
products are nitrogen gas, water vapor, and
gaseous carbon dioxide,
along with energy in the form of heat.
b. (CH3)2N2H2 (l) + 2N2O4(g)  3N2(g) +
4H2O(g) + 2CO2(g)
5. Wording and strategies will vary. First,
place one chip of Y into XCl2(aq) and
another
into ZCl2(aq). If Y reacts with one solution
but not the other, the activity series
can be established. If Y replaces X but not
Z, the series is Z > Y > X. If Y replaces
Z but not X, the series is X > Y > Z. If Y
reacts with neither solution, Y is at the
bottom of the series. Next, put one chip of X
into ZCl2(aq). If it reacts, the series is
X > Z > Y. If it does not react, the series is Z
> X > Y. If Y reacts with both
solutions, Y is the most reactive. Last, put a
chip of X into ZCl2(aq). If it reacts,
b. K
c. H
50C
4. a. 2Al( s)  6CH 3 COOH( aq) 

Al(CH 3 COO) 3 (aq)  3H 2 ( g )
b. no reaction
c. 2Cr(s) + 3CdCl2(aq)  2CrCl3(aq) +
3Cd(s)
d. no reaction
5. a. Ca(s) + 2H2O(l)  Ca(OH)2(aq) +
H2(g)
b. Both are alkali metals and readily form a
stable 1+ ion by ejecting an s1 electron.
Rb has a larger radius than Na and holds its
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Modern Chemistry
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Reaction Energy
Name _______________________________ Date __________________ Class __________________
SECTION 3
the series is Y > X > Z. If it does not react,
the series is Y > Z > X.
6. Signs of a reaction include generation of
energy as heat or light, formation of a
precipitate, formation of a gas, and change
in color.
PROBLEMS
1. 88%
2. a. N2; 2.0 mol
b. 8.0 mol
c. 6.4 mol
3. a. 0.10 mol
b. HCl
c. 1.4 g
4. a. 1.26  103 g
b. 960. g
c. 6.9  102 L
Chapter 9
SECTION 1
SHORT ANSWER
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
b
d
a
c
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
6. a.
MIXED REVIEW
2N2O(g) + 3O2(g)  4NO2(g)
4 mol NO2:3 mol O2
15.0 mol
True
False
28.0 g/mol N2
2.0 g/mol H2
17.0 g/mol NH3
b. 3 mol H2:1 mol N2; 2 mol NH3:1 mol N2;
2 mol NH3:3 mol H2; or their reciprocals
7. a. 1 mol NO:1 mol H2O
b. 3 mol NO:2 mol NH3
c. 0.360 mol
8. a. 4 mol O2:1 mol C3H4; 3 mol CO2:1 mol
C3H4; 2 mol H2O:1 mol C3H4;
3 mol CO2:4 mol O2; 2 mol H2O:4 mol O2; 2
mol H2O:3 mol CO2;
or their reciprocals
b. C3H4 is 0.5x; O2 is 2x; and CO2 is 1.5x
SHORT ANSWER
1. a. 4
b. 40.07 g/mol
c. 2 mol O2:1 mol H2O
d. 0.20 mol
e. 3z
2. a.The limiting reactant is completely
converted to product with no losses, as
dictated by the ratio of coefficients.
b.They determine the theoretical yield of the
products of the reaction.
c. smaller
PROBLEMS
3. a. 4 mol
b. 8.5 g
c. At least 0.3 mol of H2 must be provided.
4. 75%
5. a. 0.0693 mol
b. 0.0346 mol
c. 1.11 g
d. 0.786 L
e. 1.05 g
SECTION 2
PROBLEMS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
4.5 mol
200 g
0.53 g
34.8 g
a. 60.2 g
b. 42.1 L
6. a. 81 g
b. 2.9 mol
c. 1.3  102 g
Chapter 10
SECTION 1
SHORT ANSWER
1. a. ideal gas
b. ideal gas
c. real gas
2. a. The energy is transferred between them.
b. Those with the lower molecule mass.
3. a. Gas molecules are in constant, rapid,
random motion.
c. C4H6O4
d. C12H12O6
5. a. C6H12S3
b. C8H16O4
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Modern Chemistry
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Reaction Energy