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Download RAFT: Role/Audience/Format/Topic What is it? The RAFT strategy
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RAFT: Role/Audience/Format/Topic What is it? The RAFT strategy (Santa, 1988) employs writing-to-learn activities to enhance understanding of informational text. Instead of writing a traditional essay explaining a concept, students demonstrate their understanding in a nontraditional format. This technique encourages creative thinking and motivates students to reflect in unusual ways about concepts they have read. RAFT is an acronym that stands for: · Role of the writer: What is the writer's role: reporter, observer, eyewitness, object, number, etc.? · Audience: Who will be reading the writing: the teacher, other students, a parent, editor, people in the community, etc.? · Format: What is the best way to present this writing: in a letter, an article, a report, a poem, an advertisement, e-mail, etc.? · Topic: Who or what is the subject of this writing: a famous scientist, a prehistoric cave dweller, a character from literature, a chemical element or physical object, etc.? . Strong Verb: Directs the writer to the writing purpose. For example; persuade, analyze, create, predict, compare, defend, value, and thus, direct the “action” of the writing. The RAFT strategy forces students to process information, rather than merely write out answers to questions. Students are more motivated to undertake the writing assignment because it addresses various learning styles. How could it be used in instruction? This writing-to-learn strategy engages students in explaining what they know about a topic and elaborating on the topic in a fun way. How to use it: 1. Think about the concepts or process that you want students to learn as they read a selected passage. Consider how writing in a fun way may enhance students' understanding of the topic. 2. Brainstorm possible roles students could assume in their writing. 3. Decide who the audience would be as well as the format for writing. 4. After students have finished reading, identify the role, audience, format and topic (RAFT) for the writing. Assign the same role for all students, or let them choose from several different roles. RAFT Examples for Social Studies Role Newspaper Reporter Lawyer Abraham Lincoln Mike Royko Frontier Woman Constituent News Writer Chemist Wheat Thin Plant Scientist Square Root Repeating Decimal Cook Julia Child Advertiser Lungs Huck Finn Joseph Stalin Comma Trout Audience Format Readers in the 1870's U.S. Supreme Court Dear Abby Public Self U.S. Senator Public Chemical company Other Wheat Thins Sun Charles Darwin Whole Number Set of Rational Numbers Other cooks TV audience TV audience Cigarettes Jim George Orwell 9th grade students Self Topic Obituary Appeal Speech Advice Column News Column Diary Letter News Release Instructions Travel Guide Thank-you note Letter Love letter Petition Recipe Script Public Service Complaint Letter Letter Complaint Diary Qualities of General Custer Dred Scott Decision Problems with his generals Capital punishment Hardships of the West Gun control Ozone layer has been formed Combinations to avoid Journey through the digestive system Sun's role in plant's growth Refute a point in evolution theory Explain relationship Prove you belong to this set Alcoholism Wonders of eggs Importance of fruit Effects of smoking What I learned during the trip Reactions to Animal Farm How it is misused Effects of acid rain on lake RAFT Examples for Math Role Zero Scale factor Percent Repeating decimal Prime number Parts of a graph Exponent One Variable Container Audience Format Topic Whole numbers Architect Student Campaign speech Directions for a blueprint Tip sheet Importance of the number 0 Scale drawings Mental ways to calculate percents Customers Petition Proof/check for set membership Instructions Rules for divisibility Script Instructions to the jury Advice column Letter Diary How to read a graph Laws of exponents Perfect, abundant, deficient, amicable numbers Role of variables Comparing volume measurements Rational numbers TV audience Jury Whole numbers Equations Self Acute triangle Function Obtuse triangle Relations Role Water drop Bean Frog Electron Limestone rock Statue Trout Duck Star Peregrine falcon Red blood cell Liver Lungs Rusty old car Letter Explain differences of triangles Article Argue the importance of functions RAFT Examples for Science Audience Other water drops Self Tadpole Fourth grade students Cave visitors Dear Abby readers Farmers U.S. Senator Self Public Lungs Alcohol Brain Previous owner Format Travel guide Diary Letter Letter Postcard Advice column Letter Letter Diary News column Thank-you note Complaint Thank-you note Letter Topic Journey through water cycle Process of germination Life cycle Journey through a parallel circuit Chemical weathering process Effect of acid rain Effects of fertilizer runoff Effects of oil spill Life cycle Effects of DDT Journey through circulatory system Effects of drinking Quitting smoking Chemical change RAFT Examples for Social Studies Role Sacajawea Newspaper Reporter Dead Confederate Soldier Bird 21st Century Woman Alexander the Great Ben Franklin Kaiser Wilhelm II Kit Carson Mohandas Gandhi Great Wall of China Colorado River Rain Forest Constituent 21st Century American Audience Jean Baptiste Readers in 1851 Robert E. Lee Wright Brothers Format Letter News report Complaint Complaint Thank-you Susan B. Anthony note Aristotle Letter Advice Dear Abby column European Heads of State Recipe Future tourists Travel guide Martin Luther King Jr. Letter Self Diary Rafters Travel guide Humans Complaint Governor Letter James Madison Thank-you Topic Our travels with Lewis and Clark Native Americans sign treaty at Ft. Laramie Pickett's Charge New invention disrupts skies Women's Rights What I have seen on my journeys My son likes the British How we can start a World War Beautiful places in the West Nonviolent opposition/resistence Invaders I have seen and stopped What you will see if you travel my length Deforestation State taxes The Constitution note
