Download WORLD GEOGRAPHY

WORLD
GEOGRAPHY
THE GRID SYSTEM
SYSTEM OF IMAGINARY LINES
THAT GIVE THE EXACT
POSITION OF A PLACE ON
EARTH.
LATITUDE
IMAGINARY LINES THAT TRAVEL HORIZONTALLY AROUND
THE EARTH MEASURING NORTH AND SOUTH
LATITUDE LINES MEASURE THE SAME ALL THE WAY AROUND.
EQUATOR - IMAGINARY LINE (0°LATITUDE) THAT DIVIDES
THE EARTH INTO NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN HEMISPHERES.
(HALF AN EARTH)
90°NORTH LATITUDE IS THE NORTH POLE
LONGITUDE
• IMAGINARY LINES THAT RUN VERTICALLY FROM POLE TO POLE.
• DIVIDE THE EARTH INTO EASTERN AND WESTERN HEMISPHERES
• ALSO CALLED MERIDIANS
• PRIME MERIDIAN 0°LONGITUDE
• INTERNATIONAL DATELINE (180°LONGITUDE) DIVIDES THE
DAYS.
TOPIC: FIVE THEMES
OF GEOGRAPHY
EQ: How will knowing and understanding the 5 themes of
Geography help you succeed in World History?
THEME ONE: LOCATION
REFERS TO THE POSITION OF PEOPLE AND
PLACES ON THE EARTH’S SURFACE.
TWO TYPES OF LOCATION:
ABSOLUTE LOCATION
RELATIVE LOCATION
ABSOLUTE LOCATION
EXACT POSITION ON EARTH USING
A GRID SYSTEM OF LATITUDE AND
LONGITUDE.
 Examples
Mt. St. Helens in Washington
State is at 46°N, 122°W
Mesa High is at 33.396323°N,
111.794642°W
RELATIVE LOCATION
 THE RELATIONSHIP OF ONE PLACE TO OTHER PLACES
Examples
Decide where to live
Where to work
Where to put a landfill
Where to put a military base
Arizona is north of Mexico
 RELATIVE LOCATION CAN CHANGE
CHANGES IN RELATIVE LOCATION
 RELATIVE LOCATION BETWEEN TWO PLACES CAN INCREASE OR DECREASE
 Example:
 Decreased relative location: information getting from New York to San Francisco
 Stage - 27 days
 Pony Express - 15 days
 Railroad - 4.5 days
 Air Mail - 3 days
 Next Day Delivery
 Fax - Minutes
 Computer – Seconds
 Increased relative location
 Email doesn’t work and you have to mail information
 Bus breaks down and you have to walk
QUESTIONS TO ANSWERED BY
KNOWING THE LOCATION:
Where is it?
Why it is there?
THEME TWO: PLACE
THREE CHARACTERISTICS OF PLACE
1. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Geological, hydrological, atmospheric,
biological, natural environment.
Examples:
Venice, Italy - island and canals - boats
instead of cars
Burma - Houses built on stilts to protect
from floods.
PLACE CONT
2. HUMAN CHARACTERISTICS
HUMAN IDEAS AND ACTIONS THAT RESULT IN CHANGES IN
ENVIRONMENT
Buildings, farms
Examples:
 Long farms next to rivers for access
 Rivers as original means of transportation
 Different ways of looking at land: land rich for mining vs.
sacred land
3. IMAGE PEOPLE HAVE OF THE PLACE
PLACE ACTIVITY
o In a group of four
o Select a place in the world that is easily described. Try to
pick unique descriptions.
o Take 5 minutes and describe at least 5-10 things that
would help identify the place.
o Be prepared to read these in front of the class and have
them guess the location.
THEME THREE:
HUMAN/ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS
 What is the relationship between humans and the environment?
THREE KEY CONCEPTS
Humans DEPEND on the environment
Natural environment: made up of all living and non-living things
Living things: people, animals, plants
Non-living things: air, land, water
DEPEND ON NATURAL ENVIRONMENT FOR BASIC NEEDS
Congo River Basin: people new to Congo starve
Native people can find food
HUMAN/ENVIRONMENT CONT
 Humans MODIFY the environment
Modification by agriculture
Turning deserts into Agricultural areas
 Humans ADAPT to the environment
Settle everywhere by adapting
Adaption may be affected by the culture’s economy, politics,
technology
Solutions may cause more problems - Borneo Mosquitoes
Discussion: How do students depend, modify and adapt to Mesa High?
THEME FOUR: MOVEMENT
Relationships between people in different places
How and Why are place related to one another?
 THREE TYPES OF MOVEMENT
Movement of PEOPLE
MIGRATION: Move to a new location for settlement - forced or
voluntary
Movement of GOODS
Goods being moved from one place to another
Movement of IDEAS
Ideas borrowed from other groups and adapted for our
own purpose
THEME FIVE: REGIONS
 AREAS THAT HAVE UNIFYING CHARACTERISTICS
 REGION TYPES
 Human regions: Corn belt, Rocky Mountain region
 Physical regions: Topography (what surrounding area looks like), Climate
 Political Boundaries: Borders
 Cultural regions: Bible belt, Latin America, Little Italy
 Global regions: Similarities, language, climate
 Local regions: Schools, zip codes
 LOCATIONS CAN BE IN MORE THAN ONE REGION!
APPLICATION
 HOW DO THESE FIVE THEMES APPLY TO US?
Location
Place
Human/Environment interaction
Movement
Regions
 To Mesa, AZ?
 To Mesa High School??
 How would a CHANGE in any of these affect you on a daily basis?
TOPIC: FIVE TRAITS
OF CIVILIZATION
EQ: How will knowing and understanding the 5 traits
of civilization help you succeed in World History?
TRAIT ONE: ADVANCED CITIES
 CITIES WITH LARGER POPULATIONS ARISE, BECOME CENTERS OF TRADE
Examples:
Uruk: population originally 50,000; became 100,000 within 200 years
Lagash: 10,000- 50,000
Umma:10,000-50,000
 About the same amount of people that live
in Casa Grande
TRAIT TWO: SPECIALIZED WORKERS
LABOR BECOMES SPECIALIZED – WORKERS DEVELOP SPECIAL
SKILLS TO SURVIVE
Examples:
Teachers
Merchants
Soldiers
Priests
Potters
Scribes
Farmers
Government workers
TRAIT THREE: COMPLEX INSTITUTIONS
 INSTITUTIONS: GOVERNMENTS, RELIGION, THE ECONOMY ARE ESTABLISHED
 GOVERNMENTS ESTABLISH LAWS, MAINTAIN ORDER
 TEMPLES ARE CENTERS FOR RELIGION, GOVERNMENT, AND TRADE
TRAIT FOUR: RECORD KEEPING
 PROFESSIONAL RECORD KEEPERS, SCRIBES, WRITE DOWN TAXES AND LAWS
 SCRIBES INVENT CUNIFORM, A SYSTEM OF WRITING AROUND 3000 B.C.
 PEOPLE BEGIN TO WRITE ABOUT CITY EVENTS – THEY WRITE HISTORY!
TRAIT FIVE: IMPROVED TECHNOLOGY
NEW TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES MAKE
WORK EASIER AND QUICKER
THE BRONZE AGE STARTS IN SUMER
AROUND 3000 B.C.
PEOPLE REPLACE COPPER AND STONE
WITH BRONZE TOOLS & WEAPONS
WHEEL, PLOW AND SAILBOAT ALSO
ALREADY IN USE AT THIS TIME