Download B 262, F 2010

BIOLOGY 262, FALL 2010
IN-CLASS EXAMINATION #1 (PART 1)
Date
Name
MULTIPLE CHOICE.⎯For the following multiple choice questions circle the letter in front of the
response that best answers the question or completes the sentence. (20%, 2% each)
The samples below measured the species
1. Which of the following is NOT an
richness of bacteria at 1:1000 dilution from soils
assumption or consequence of scientific
from fertilized and unfertilized lawns.
philosophy?
Hypothesis: Fertilizing lawns will increase
a. Different events cannot have the same
bacterial species richness.
general cause.
Table. Species richness from 1:1000 dilution of soil
b. Hypotheses cannot be proven absolutely
samples on TSA medium. P-value for comparison
True.
between the samples from the two group = 0.073
c. Sense experience consistently represents
Fertilized lawns
3 4
3
5
4
3
reality with reasonable accuracy.
Unfert.
lawns
4 5
3
7
5
6
d. The universe is ordered.
e. None of the above. (None are assumptions)
6. For the study above which of the following is
2. Which of these produces the same molecular
the treatment?
products as burning wood?
a. Bacteria
a. dissociation of water
b. Dilution
b. evaporation
c. Fertilizer
c. glycolysis + cellular respiration
d. TSA medium
d. photosynthesis
e. None of the above.
e. sublimation
7. The hypothesis is…
↑
3. Which of the following describes the
interaction of you (a human) with a sunflower
seed that you eat?
a. Interspecific amensalism.
b. Interspecific commensalism.
c. Interspecific predation.
d. Intrapecific amensalism.
e. Intrapecific commensalism.
f. Intraspecific predation.
4. Which of the following oceanic islands
should have the highest species richness?
Note: N = North
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
Large, far from continent, in tropics
Large, far from continent, near 30°N lat.
Large, far from continent, near N pole
Large, near continent, in tropics
Large, near continent, near 30°N lat.
Large, near continent, near N pole
Small, far from continent, in tropics
Small, far from continent, near 30°N lat.
Small, far from continent, near N pole
Small, near continent, in tropics
Small, near continent, near 30°N lat.
Small, near continent, near N pole
5. Organisms with which of the following
characteristics would be considered the most
K-selected?
a. Early maturing, rapidly reproducing
b. Early maturing, slowly reproducing
c. Late maturing, rapidly reproducing
d. Late maturing, slowly reproducing
a. rejected.
b. supported.
c. (this cannot be determined with these data)
8. What molecule is this?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
cellulose
glucose
starch
sucrose
None of the above
9. If a population of 5000 is undergoing
exponential growth with a yearly intrinsic
rate of increase of 0.10, then what is the size
of the population after 2 years?
a. 500
b. 5500
c. 5550
d. 6000
e. 6050
f. 7000
g. None of the above
10. This molecule is a…
a.
b.
c.
d.
carbohydrate.
lipid.
nucleic acid.
protein.
SHORT RESPONSE.⎯For the following write the appropriate number(s), formulae, and/or word(s) in the
indicated spaces.(10%)
1. Fill in the empty cells in the life table below
for a cohort of guinea pigs. (4%)
Age
Number
0
5000
1
4800
2
4400
3
2000
Survivorship
Survivorship Rate
3. Sketch the following molecule correctly
based on what you know about typical atomic
(covalent) bonding: C3H8 (2%)
-----
2. In a couple sentences explain what this graph tells you about this population of guppies? Both explain
what the graph depicts in general AND interpret the pattern visible on the graph. (4%)
140
#
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
cohort
(# = number)
DEFINITIONS.⎯For the following BIOLOGICAL words or phrases define them as accurately and
concisely as possible. (20%, 4% each)
1. Acid:
2. Keystone Species:
3. Population:
4. Primary Producer:
5. Science:
Name
BIOLOGY 262, FALL 2010
IN-CLASS EXAMINATION #1 (PART 2)
Date
FREE RESPONSE QUESTIONS/PROBLEMS.⎯ Address each in as concisely and lucidly. (50%)
1. A population of 1000 blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) is growing logistically and has a yearly
intrinsic rate of increase of 0.01. The carrying capacity is 10,000. (a.) What is the size of this population
after one year? Show your calculations. (5%)
At what specific population size would the greatest number of individuals be added to this population
per year? How many new whales added per year would this be? (3%)
Based on your calculations above, if Japanese and Norwegian whaling fleets find this population and
kill about 30 whales per year, then will this population continue to grow in number or shrink (negative
growth)? briefly explain (in 1 sentence). (2%)
2. (a.) Provide the summary chemical equation for photosynthesis (4%).
(b.) Generally (in a phrase or short sentence), explain why organisms undergo photosynthesis. What is the
point or benefit to an organism of undergoing photosynthesis? (2%)
(c.) Briefly (in a phrase or sentence) explain what photosynthesis does in the global carbon cycle? (2%)
(d.) List the two things that most commonly limit photosynthesis in a terrestrial environment? (2%)
3. Briefly explain why the addition of substantial amounts of fertilizer to a lake or pond often results in a
rapid decline in species richness. (5%)
4. Researchers examined plant abundance and species richness in a series of abandoned farm plots in the
Buell-Small Succession Study, Somerset County, New Jersey. Standardized plots in a series of
abandoned fields were censused yearly in late July from 1958 until 1980 (data were obtained from
http://www.ecostudies.org/bss *).
(a.) First explain what ecological succession is (i.e., define it). (5%)
You will evaluate these two hypotheses using the data derived from this study.
Hypothesis 1: Species richness will be greatest at an intermediate successional stage.
Hypothesis 2: Competitive exclusion in the final year of the study would be most intense because of
expected tree growth in the last 5 years and would reduce species richness substantially with respect to
the data from 5 years previous.
Table 1. Species richness data from six sample plots within field three that was taken out of agricultural use in
January 1960 and left as agricultural stubble after the 1959 harvest.
Species Richness Data from the Same Six Plots
P-values*-comparing sequential years
Year
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
15
14
9
9
20
15
6
10
12
13
20
14
11
13
16
18
20
14
12
19
19
14
9
8
16
16
11
13
12
17
É
É
É
É
P-value 1960 to 1965 = 0.047
P-value 1965 to 1970 = 0.112
P-value 1970 to 1975 = 1.000
P-value 1975 to 1980 = 0.011
*P-values derived from paired T-tests.
(b.) Appropriately graph the data in Table 1 in the graph space below to address the hypotheses. (6%)
(c.) Based on the data in Table 1 and your graph are
each of the hypotheses supported or rejected?
Also (very briefly) explain why they are supported
or rejected. (8%, 4% each)
Hypothesis 1, supported or rejected and why?
Hypothesis 2, supported or rejected and why?
(d.) Based on the data in Table 1 and your graph briefly explain what you can reasonably conclude about
species richness and succession in this area of New Jersey. (6%)