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Download Responding to Climate Change Impacts to California’s Water Resources
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“WATER POLICY THROUGH A CARBON LENS” Responding to Climate Change Impacts to California’s Water Resources August 23, 2007 John T. Andrew California Department of Water Resources Climate Change Impacts on California’s Water Resources ¾ Reduced snowpack ¾ Earlier snowmelt results in increased flood control demand on reservoir space ¾ Higher water temperatures impacts ecosystem ¾ Sea level rise impacts the Delta, threatens levees and increases salinity ¾ Increased demand in all sectors Watersheds Changes in Runoff Timing Sacramento River Runoff April - July Runoff in Percent of Water Year Runoff 70% 65% 70% Linear Regression (least squares) line showing historical trend 65% Percent of Water Year Runoff 60% 60% 3-year running average 55% 55% 50% 50% 45% 45% 40% 40% 35% 35% 30% 30% 25% 25% 20% 20% 15% 15% 10% 1906 1913 1920 1927 1934 1941 1948 1955 1962 1969 1976 Water Year (October 1 - September 30) 1983 1990 1997 10% 2004 Changes in Peak Flows American River American River Runoff Annual M aximum 1-Day Flow 250 Unimpaired Runoff at Fair Oaks 225 200 175 1,000 cfs 150 125 100 75 50 25 0 1900 1905 1910 1915 1920 1925 1930 1935 1940 1945 1950 1955 Water Year Red Line = Construction of Folsom Dam 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 Range of Snowpack Reductions Projected by 2050 Sea Level Rise Sea Level Rise Source: Roos 2003 Sea Level Rise 2 ft. Projections 1 ft. Source: IPCC, 2001 Water, Energy and Climate Change Future water management activities must carefully consider strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions Energy Inputs to Water Systems Source Water Extraction & Conveyance Water Treatment Water Distribution End-Use Wastewater Discharge Source Recycled Water Treatment Recycled Water Distribution Wastewater Treatment Wastewater Collection Agricultural Residential Commercial Industrial Bob Wilkinson, UCSB California Energy Commission Water Related Impacts Water use and wastewater discharge by power plants can: • • • Reduce fresh water available to current and future water users (residential, commercial and other users) Alter marine and aquatic ecosystems Degrade surface and groundwater resources Common Energy-Water Tradeoffs Seawater desalting Energy Use More 0 Less Wastewater reuse Conjunctive use Wastewater treatment Large dam Drip irrigation-SW removal Fish screens Water treatment Pumping Water conservation Hot water conservation Crop yield improvements Shade trees Evaporative cooling Reforestation Biofuels Production? Shale oil Production? Solar generation agriculture substitution? Less 0 More Water Use or Environmental Impact Jay Lund, UCD New IPCC Findings ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ Confirms impacts we are already witnessing Emphasizes the importance of adaptation Impacts dependent upon both climate change and adaptive capacity Recommends a portfolio approach Framework for Action Sustainable & Reliable Water in 2030 Vision Initiatives for Reliability Foundational Actions for Sustainability Climate change is the sole focus of one of the 14 major recommendations Resource Management Strategies Reduce Water Demand ¾ Agricultural Water Use Efficiency ¾ Urban Water Use Efficiency Improve Operational Efficiency & Transfers ¾ Conveyance ¾ System Reoperation ¾ Water Transfers Increase Water Supply ¾ Conjunctive Management & Groundwater Storage ¾ Desalination –Brackish & Seawater ¾ Precipitation Enhancement ¾ Recycled Municipal Water ¾ Surface Storage – CALFED ¾ Surface Storage Regional/Local Improve Water Quality ¾ Drinking Water Treatment and Distribution ¾ Groundwater/Aquifer Remediation ¾ Matching Quality to Use ¾ Pollution Prevention ¾ Urban Runoff Management Practice Resource Stewardship ¾ Agricultural Lands Stewardship ¾ Economic Incentives (Loans, Grants, and Water Pricing) ¾ Ecosystem Restoration ¾ Floodplain Management ¾ Recharge Areas Protection ¾ Urban Land Use Management ¾ Water-Dependent Recreation ¾ Watershed Management Climate change is not the only uncertainty… 100 Historical Data California’s Population 90 Projection 80 Population (millions) 70 ? 60 ? ? 50 ? ? 40 ? 30 20 10 0 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 Year Source: California Department of Finance, 2005. California Water Management and Climate Change • Climate change presents significant challenges for the management of California’s water resources. • Climate change is occurring incrementally and will likely continue to do so based on historical records over the past 100 years and most projections. • California’s water management systems already provide a some degree of operational flexibility. • We should have time to plan for future climate change and adapt to it. John T. Andrew, P.E. Executive Manager for Climate Change Department of Water Resources (916) 651-9657 [email protected]
