Download 22. Energy supply and use

Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2014
22. Energy supply and use
The region’s production structure is highly resource-intensive, although per
capita energy use is low.
Countries in Asia and the Pacific with the
highest growth rates in total use of energy
between 2000 and 2012 were (in descending
order of growth rates): China, Viet Nam, and
Kazakhstan. Total energy used, measured in
million tons of oil equivalent (Mtoe), in these
three countries has more than doubled since
2000. Averaged across the entire Asia-Pacific
region, the growth rate since 2000 has been
around 68%. The largest energy users (2012)
within each of the five subregions of Asia and
the Pacific are: China (2,894 Mtoe, in East and
North-East Asia), India (788 Mtoe, in South
and South-West Asia), the Russian Federation
(757 Mtoe, in North and Central Asia),
Indonesia (214 Mtoe, South-East Asia) and
Australia (128 Mtoe, in the Pacific).
The total energy supplied in a country (TPES)
per unit of economic output (GDP) — the
energy intensity — of most countries and areas
in Asia and the Pacific are above the world
average. China uses about 269 koe per $1,000
of GDP (2005 purchasing power parity (PPP)),
which is 50% more than the world average rate
of 177 in 2012. Central Asian countries show
even higher energy intensities at 355 koe per
$1,000 of GDP (2005 PPP). High income
economies in the region have the lowest energy
intensity (182 koe), perhaps indicating their
ability to access efficient technologies. On the
other hand, the low income economies’ energy
intensity is 215 koe which could reflect the
technology gap between the two groups of
economies.
In terms of total final energy use per capita
(measured of kg of oil equivalent (koe)) the
region’s largest energy consumers are Brunei
Darussalam at 9,370 koe, Australia at 5,565 koe,
the Republic of Korea at 5,376 koe, the Russian
Federation at 5,285 koe, Turkmenistan at 4,943
koe, and Singapore at 4,724 koe. Countries in
Asia and the Pacific show a wide variance in per
capita energy use: for the sample of 33
countries with available data for 2012, the
standard deviation is roughly equivalent to the
per capita final energy consumption of China
(1,236 koe) or Turkey (1,180 koe).
The Asia-Pacific region had an estimated 588
million people that had no access to electricity
in 2011. The Asia-Pacific region’s average
proportion of electricity from renewable
resources is higher than the world average,
although it has been falling in South-East, and
South and South-West Asia. However, the use
of the term “renewable” does not necessarily
imply that the use of an energy resource is
sustainable. Currently available statistics are
insufficient for evaluating the sustainability of
using biomass or waste as an energy source.
Biomass and waste make up the vast majority of
renewable energy production in Asia and the Pacific.

The East and North-East Asia subregion used the largest amount of energy in 2012 (3,643
Mtoe) of any subregion in Asia and the Pacific. Its energy consumption was followed by the
South and South-West Asia subregion’s consumption of 1,265 Mtoe, the North and Central
Asia subregion’s 932 Mtoe, the South-East Asia subregion’s 578 Mtoe, and the Pacific
subregion’s 147 Mtoe.

North and Central Asia is home to some of the most energy-intensive economies of the
region. The subregion as a whole has an energy intensity of 349 koe per $1,000 of GDP (2005
PPP), which far exceeds all other subregions in Asia and the Pacific.

Of the world’s total consumption of coal (3,875 Mtoe), 74% was consumed by the AsiaPacific region in 2012. Latin America and the Caribbean consumed only 1% of coal, the
lowest among world regions.
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