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Transcript
Slamet budiarto
PENDAHULUAN
Dimulai tahun 1939 – 1945
Blok Sentral & Blok Sekutu
Periode Jalannya PD II :
1. Periode Permulaan ( 1939 – 1942 )
2. Turning Point /saat – saat membalik
(1942)
3. Periode Terakhir ( 1943 – 1945 )
LAHIRNYA NEGARA
TOTALITARIAN
1. Fascisme Italia
2. Naziisme Jerman
3. Militerisme Jepang
SEBAB – SEBAB PERANG
1. Sebab Umum
* Kegagalan Liga Bangsa – Bangsa
Menjalankan Tugasnya
* Munculnya Politik Aliansi
* Kekacauan Bidang Ekonomi Menyebabkan
Timbulnya Pemerintahan Diktaktor
* Munculnya Nasionalisme Berlebihan
* Munculnya Paham – Paham Baru
* Munculnya Politik Agresi Militer
* Jerman Tidak Mengakui Lagi Perjanjian
Versailles
* Cita – Cita Jerman Membalas Kekalahan
pada Perang Dunia I
2.
Sebab Khusus
- Serangan Jerman atas Polandia
tanggal 1 September 1939 mengawali
pertempuran di front Eropa dan Afrika
Utara
- Serangan Jepang terhadap pangkalan
angkatan laut Amerika Serikat di Pearl
Harbour, Hawai tanggal 7 Desember
1941 mengawali pertempuran di Front
Pasifik
Mussolini dan Hitler
JALANNYA PERANG
Tahun 1939
a. 1 September 1939 Jerman
menyerbu Polandia
b. 3 September Inggris dan Prancis
mengumumkan perang kepada
Jerman
* Tahun 1940
1) 9 April, pasukan
Jerman menyerbu
Denmark dan
Norwegia
2) 10 Mei, Pasukan
Jerman menyerbu
Belgia dan
Belanda
3) 10 Juni, Italia mengumumkan
perang kepada Inggris dan
Prancis
4) 13 Juni, Paris jatuh ke tangan
Jerman, Prancis menyerah dan
daerahnya dibagi 2 yaitu
bagian utara dikuasai Jerman
dan bagian selatan dikuasai
Jendral Henry Philippe Petain.
AL Prancis direbut Inggris
5) 22 Juni, Prancis menandatangani
senjata dengan Jerman
gencatan
6) 10 Juli, Pertempuran Britain dimulai
Albert Kesselring German field
marshal Albert Kesselring, one
of Adolf Hitler’s top defense
advisers in World War II (19391945), led the German air force
during the Battle of Britain in
1940 and 1941.
7) 27 September, Jerman, Italia dan Jepang
bersatu dalam perjanjian 3 negara
membentuk poros Roma-Berlin-Tokyo
Tahun 1941
i. Tentara Jerman menyerbu Balkan sampai ke
Pulau Kreta. Rumania dan Bulgaria memihak
Jerman. Tentara Italia dipukul mundur di
Afrika bagian utara oleh Inggris. Tentara
Jerman di bawah Erwin Rommel menyerbu
Afrika
ii. 6 April, pasukan Jerman menyerang Yunani
dan Yugoslavia
iii. 13 April, Rusia dan Jepang mengadakan
perjanjian non-agresi
iv. 22 Juni, Jerman menyerang Uni Soviet,
Jerman terpaksa mengurangi kekuatannya di
front barat dalam menghadapi Sekutu. Oleh
sebab itu, Inggris terbebas dari serangan AU
Jerman dan menang dalam The Battle of
Britain
v. 8 September, pasukan Jerman memblokade
yang berlangsung sampai Januari 1944
vi. 7 Desember, Jepang menyerang Pearl
Harbour, Hawaii ( awal perang Pasifik )
vii. 8 Desember, AS, Inggris, Kanada
mengumumkan perang kepada Jepang
Declaration of War
Against Japan On
December 8, 1941,
the day after the
Japanese attacked
Pearl Harbor, U.S.
President Franklin
Roosevelt addressed
a joint session of
Congress and asked
for a declaration of
war against Japan.
Roosevelt called
December 7 “a date
which will live in
infamy.”
Japanese Conquests
in Asia and the Pacific
War in Asia and the Pacific Following
the attack on Pearl Harbor, Japanese
forces compiled an impressive list of
conquests in a remarkably short time.
By May 1942 the Japanese stood with
open avenues of attack to both India
and Australia. However, three events
in 1942 helped turn the tide of the war
for the Allies. The Doolittle bombing
raid on Tokyo in April unnerved
Japanese officials who had believed
the home islands were secure. Then,
when they attempted to capture more
islands to the south and east to
prevent another such raid, the
overextended Japanese naval forces
were crushed by the U.S. Navy at the
battles of Coral Sea and Midway in May
and June of 1942. With their naval
offensive capacity crippled, the
Japanese were forced to adopt a more
defensive posture, while the Allies had
time to regroup and halt further
Japanese expansion and to formulate
the island-hopping strategy used to
reconquer the Pacific.
Tahun 1942
a) 15 Februari, Singapura jatuh ke tangan
Jepang
b) 26 – 28 Februari, armada laut Jepang
mengalahkan kekuatan laut Sekutu
dalam Pertempuran Laut Jawa
c) 9 April, pasukan AS dan Filipina
menyerah di semenanjung Bataan
d) 18 April, armada udara AS membom
Tokyo dalam Serangan Doolitle
e) 4 – 8 Mei, armada laut Sekutu
membendung serangan Jepang dalam
Pertempuran Terumbu Karang
f)
4 – 6 Juni, pasukan Sekutu mengalahkan
Jepang dalam Pertempuran Midway
g) 7 Agustus, pasukan marinir AS mendarat
di Guadalcanal
h) 25 Agustus, Hitler memerintahkan
pasukannya merebut Stalingrad
i) 23 Oktober, pasukan Inggris
menyerangkedudukan pasukan Sentral
di El Alamein, Mesir
j) 8 November, pasukan Sekutu
mendarat di Aljazair dan Maroko
h) 12 November, Jerman dipukul mundur dalam
Pertempuran di el-Alamein di muka
Alexandria oleh Jendral Montgomery
Tahun 1943
1) 2 Februari,
pasukan Jerman
menyerah di
Stalingrad
2) 13 Mei, pasukan
Sentral di Afrika
Utara menyerah
3) 4 Juli, pasukan
Jerman
menyerang kota
Kursk, Uni Soviet
Tank Shipment to the USSR With greatly
improved mobility and firepower, World
War II tanks played a major role in the
battle for Europe. While German tanks
could outgun most of those of their
enemies, the Soviets won the greatest tank
battle in history at Kursk in 1943 against
the Germans. More than 3000 tanks took
part in this battle.
4) 10 Juli, pasukan Sekutu menyerang
Sicilia
5) 3 September, Italia menyerah kepada
Sekutu
6) 9 September, Pasukan Sekutu
mendarat di Salerno, Italia
7) 20 November, pasukan AS menyerang
Tarawa
Big Three, Tehrān, Iran
Soviet leader Joseph Stalin,
United States president
Franklin D. Roosevelt, and
British prime minister
Winston Churchill, seated
left to right, meet in
Tehrān, Iran, in 1943 to
discuss their military
strategy and post-World
War II policy for Europe.
The leaders decided to
invade France in 1944,
against Churchill’s
recommendations. The
meeting marked the apex
of the East-West wartime
alliance. Stalin, Roosevelt,
and Churchill, the leaders
of the three major Allied
powers, came to be known
as the “Big Three.”
Tahun 1944
I.
II.
1 Mei, Italia
menyerah pada
Sekutu yang
dipimpin oleh
Jenderal
Eisenhower
6 Juni, pasukan
Sekutu mendarat
secara besar –
besaran di
Normandia,
Prancis.
Peristiwa itu
terkenal dengan
sebutan D-Day
General Dwight D.
Eisenhower
Promoted to fourstar general, the
U.S. Army’s highest
rank at that time,
General Dwight D.
Eisenhower became
supreme Allied
commander in
Europe and
organized the
largest sea-to-land
invasion in history,
dubbed “Operation
Overlord.” The Allies
crossed the English
Channel and invaded
the northern coast
of occupied France.
D-Day Troops The
United States First
Army moves
supplies inland from
beaches codenamed Utah and
Omaha in northern
France on June 6,
1944. D-Day, as
General Dwight D.
Eisenhower called it,
surprised the
Germans, who
expected the
invasion to come
from farther north.
III. 19 – 20 Juni, AL AS mengalahkan
Jepang dalam Pertempuran Filipina
IV. 18 Juli, PM Tojo mengundurkan diri
V. 20 Juli, persekongkolan untuk
membunuh Hitler mengalami
kegagalan
VI. 24 Agustus, Rumania menyerah
kepada Rusia, diikuti Bulgaria.
Prancis berhasil direbut AS
VII. 2 September, Belgia dibebaskan oleh
AS
VIII. 8 September, Yugoslavia dibebaskan
bersama dengan pasukan gerilyanya
IX. 20 Oktober, pasukan Sekutu mendarat
di Filipina
X. 23 – 26 Oktober, pasukan Sekutu
menghancurkan armada laut Jepang
dalam Pertempuran Teluk Leyte di
Filipina
XI. 16 Desember, pasukan Jerman
menyerang pasukan AS dalam
pertempuran Bulge
Tahun 1945
a. 13 Februari, Hongaria menyerah kepada
USSR
b. 16 Maret, pasukan marinir AS merebut Iwo
Jima
c. 30 April, Hitler bunuh diri di Berlin
d. 7 Mei, Jerman menyerah tanpa syarat di
Reims, Prancis. Peristiwa itu mengakhiri PD
II di Eropa
e. 21 Juni, pasukan marinir AS merebut
Okinawa
f. 6 Agustus, bom atom dijatuhkan di
Hiroshima
g. 8 Agustus, Uni Soviet mengumumkan
perang kepada Jepang
h. 9 Agustus, bom atom dijatuhkan di
Nagasaki
i. 14 Agustus, Jepang menyerah tanpa
syarat
j.
2 September, Jepang menandatangani penyerahan di
kapal perang U.S.S. Missouri di Teluk Tokyo
The Yalta Conference
Allied Leaders at Yalta
In February 1945 the
leaders of the Allied
powers, known as the
Big Three, met at Yalta
on the Crimean
Peninsula to discuss
Allied military strategy in
the final months of World
War II. The leaders
included British Prime
Minister Winston
Churchill, left, American
President Franklin
Roosevelt, center, and
Soviet Premier Joseph
Stalin, right.
PERJANJIAN – PERJANJIAN
PERDAMAIAN
 Konferensi Postdam
( 2 Agustus 1945 )
The Potsdam Conference was held in
1945 in the city of Potsdam, near
Berlin, ten weeks after Germany’s
surrender in World War II. Leaders
represented at the conference
included, from right to left, Premier
Joseph Stalin of the USSR, President
Harry S. Truman of the United States,
and Prime Minister Winston Churchill
of the United Kingdom. At Potsdam the
conferees met to to clarify and
implement agreements previously
reached at the Yalta Conference.
Perjanjian Perdamaian Sekutu
dengan Jepang (1945) di Jepang
Perjanjian Perdamaian Sekutu
dengan Italia (1945) di Paris
Perjanjian Perdamaian Sekutu
dengan Austria (1945) di Austria
Perjanjian Perdamaian Sekutu
dengan Hongaria, Bulgaria,
Rumania, Finlandia (1945) di Paris
AKIBAT PD II
Sektor politik
Sektor ekonomi
Sektor sosial
Sektor kerohanian
AKHIR PD II
PENDUDUKAN JEPANG DI
INDONESIA
7 DESEMBER 1941 JEPANG
MENYERBU PANGKALAN MILITER AL
AS.
BULAN JAN-PEB JEPANGMENDUDUKI
PILIPHINA,TARAKAN,BALIKPAPAN,PON
TIANAK DAN SAMARINDA.
BULAN PEBRUARI 1942JEPANG
MENGUASAI PALEMBANG,
1 MARET 1942 JEPANG MENDARAT DI
JAWA( TELUK BANTEN DI ERETAN
LANJUTAN...................
5 MARET 19 42 BATAVIA JATUH KE
TANGAN JEPANG
8 MARET 1942 BELANDA MENYERAH
KEPADA JEPANG