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CHEM 243 STUDY GUIDE for EXAM #1
Exam: 10am & 1 pm sections: Thursday, April 28.
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The exam will be over chapter 16, and small parts of 12, 14, 17 and 19.
The best items to study and review are sample exam, in-class assignment #1, problem set
#1 and the ‘mechanism’ worksheet (all posted on the web site).
The important sections:
For chap 12: 12.1 (Grignard only)
For chap 14: 14. 18 14.20, 14.21 (color)
For chap 16: 16.2,16.5, 16.6-16.16, 16.20, 16.22-16.23
For chap 17: 17.2, 17.3, 17.4 & 17.7
For chap 19; 19.21, 19.22 (Azo dye reaction)
Know and be able draw the arrow pushing mechanism for these reactions:
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution (in making Azo dyes,),
Nucleophilic acyl substitutions
Acid catalyzed ester & amide hydrolysis, Fisher esterification, trans esterification
Hydroxide promoted ester hydrolysis
Nucleophilic addition to aldehyde/ketone with Grignard reagents
Determine reaction mechanisms from reaction outcome (see Mechanism work sheet).
Be able to recognize the following functional groups: Aldehyde, Ketone, Carboxylic acid,
ester, acid anhydride, amide and acyl halides (you do not have to know IUPAC naming)
Know the relative reactivity’s of the carbonyl compounds—which are most likely to
undergo acyl substitution reactions.--Predict reaction products of acyl chlorides and acid
anhydrides with alcohols, amines and water.
Know how Sodium Borohydride and Lithium Aluminum hydride react with aldehydes,
ketones, esters, amides and acids (you do not need to know the mechanism) (sec 17.7)
Know how Grignard reagents are formed and how they react with aldehydes, ketones,
esters, amides and acids. (sec 17.14)
Know how Soap is formed (sec 16.13)
Be able to recognize the structure of ATP and Acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) and how
they are able to add an acetyl group (acetylate) to a nucleophile. (sec 16.23)
Predict if a compounds would be a dye/colored. Be able to identify the chormophore
and Auxochrome of a dye. Know the relationship of conjugation and wavelength of light
absorbed.