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Virtual Business Networks in Developing Countries Luís C. S. Barradas † João José Pinto Ferreira ‡, ‡‡ [email protected] [email protected] † Departamento de Informática e Métodos Quantitativos Escola Superior de Gestão e Tecnologia Instituto Politécnico de Santarém Portugal DSIE’ 09 ‡ Departamento de Engenharia Industrial e Gestão Faculdade de Engenharia Universidade do Porto Portugal Doctoral Symposium on Informatics Engineering 2009 Porto, February 5, 6 2009 ‡ ‡ INESC Porto Unidade de Inovação e Transferência de Tecnologia Porto Portugal ‹#› Agenda Introduction Tourism Industry Value Chain Tourism Industry Support Network The Tourism Virtual Business Network Model Business Model of the Proposed Virtual Business Network Experimental Developments Global Architecture and Core Services Software components Security Testing and Results Conclusions and Future work DSIE’ 09 Doctoral Symposium on Informatics Engineering 2009 Porto, February 5, 6 2009 ‹#› Introduction Internet and information technologies have changed the way people interact and make business all over the world. (Not completely true) The fast progress fostered by more dynamic economies has in fact been contributing to widening the so-called digital divide between rich and poor This is a fact for micro, small and medium enterprises located in remote communities in Developing Countries, that face a number of obstacles and difficulties due to their: Family business structure; Economical status; Limited access to information; Technological expertise; …and poor communications infrastructures. DSIE’ 09 Doctoral Symposium on Informatics Engineering 2009 Porto, February 5, 6 2009 ‹#› Introduction This project addresses three tourism sub-sectors: Crafts; Eco- agro-tourism, and cultural heritage. This sectors are: Interdependent and complementary for a number of activities and practices Strongly linked to rural areas in Developing Countries DSIE’ 09 Doctoral Symposium on Informatics Engineering 2009 Porto, February 5, 6 2009 ‹#› Tourism Industry Value Chain Producers Hotels, Resorts, Agro-tourism Farms, Craftsmen, etc. Wholesale Dealers Tourism operators Retailers Travel Agencies Consumers Tourists Governmental entities and Official Organisms Coordinate and promote tourism destinies DSIE’ 09 Doctoral Symposium on Informatics Engineering 2009 Porto, February 5, 6 2009 ‹#› Tourism Industry Support Network Computer Reservation Systems Large Tourism producers and operators The market for e-Tourism has been growing quickly, but dominated by large tourism organizations… …most of the micro, small and medium enterprises of Alternative Tourism, specialty those located in remote communities, stay out of this restrict circle Global Distribution Systems Air transportation consortiums Digital Interactive Television Applications Tourism operators Internet based applications Tourism operators, Large Tourism Producers, Travel Agencies DSIE’ 09 Doctoral Symposium on Informatics Engineering 2009 Porto, February 5, 6 2009 ‹#› Our approach to reduce the problem Provide small and medium enterprises with tools that enable them to: Have the opportunity to communicate and globally publish the diversity of their touristic resources, through a clear explanatory and consistent way. Be present on an virtual business network that enables them to share their touristic offers at a world wide level. Promote an integrated and locally grounded economy chain based on a strong local identity, leveraging on local natural, human and cultural resources. The virtual business network should be able to build a “Network effect” DSIE’ 09 Doctoral Symposium on Informatics Engineering 2009 Porto, February 5, 6 2009 ‹#› The Tourism Virtual Business Network Model Requirements of New Approaches for Virtual Business Networks Characteristics Description Products and services Relative complex, bundled, and fast delivered products and services Value creation Demand networks with quick connect and disconnect relationships Coordination and control Network orchestration with distributed control and decision making Information sharing Information sharing over and with network partners Infrastructure Network platform with networked business operating system Business Model for the Proposed Virtual Business Network based on a distributed P2P e-marketplace Flexible platforms Highly Scalable Peers (small businesses) can form groups and create «business networks» Provide flexible and new forms or interactions DSIE’ 09 Doctoral Symposium on Informatics Engineering 2009 Porto, February 5, 6 2009 ‹#› The Tourism Virtual Business Network Model Business Model for the Proposed Virtual Business Network, based on a distributed P2P e-marketplace model (a first approach ) DSIE’ 09 Doctoral Symposium on Informatics Engineering 2009 Porto, February 5, 6 2009 ‹#› The Tourism Virtual Business Network Model A Tourism Virtual Business Network Model fostered by a distributed P2P emarketplace, with specialized peers. DSIE’ 09 Doctoral Symposium on Informatics Engineering 2009 Porto, February 5, 6 2009 ‹#› Experimental Developments Core P2P Technology JXTA - Set of XML based protocols for the development of heterogeneous P2P networks Search Application Broker IM Web Mirror Presence Publishing and Searching P2P Services CMS JXTA Network DSIE’ 09 Doctoral Symposium on Informatics Engineering 2009 Mirroring Infrastructure Interface Enterprise Application Application Global Multi-layer Architecture TCP/IP Porto, February 5, 6 2009 ‹#› Experimental Developments Software components Enterprise Search Application Application I P B Main targets: I Main Targets: • Producers • Intermediaries • Official organisms or non-profit private entities DSIE’ 09 Doctoral Symposium on Informatics Engineering 2009 Web Mirror WM P Main Targets: • Producers (Membership) • Intermediaries (Membership) • Consumer (Search) Porto, February 5, 6 2009 ‹#› Experimental Developments Software components: Web Mirror DSIE’ 09 Doctoral Symposium on Informatics Engineering 2009 Porto, February 5, 6 2009 Main functionalities Local and P2P Search tool Membership tool Mirror Service ‹#› Experimental Developments Software components: Enterprise application Main functionalities Offer creation and editing tool Offer publishing management tool Business partners presence, look-up and management tools Instant Messaging tool Search tool Broker services DSIE’ 09 Doctoral Symposium on Informatics Engineering 2009 Porto, February 5, 6 2009 ‹#› Experimental Developments Software components: Search application Main functionalities Business partners presence, look-up and management tool Instant Messaging tool Search tool DSIE’ 09 Doctoral Symposium on Informatics Engineering 2009 Porto, February 5, 6 2009 ‹#› Experimental Developments Security Quite basic at the current status of the prototype Includes peer authentication on the network E-marketplace peers belong to a special Peer Group Logical segmentation of the P2P Network Communications and resource sharing are done in the group scope. DSIE’ 09 Doctoral Symposium on Informatics Engineering 2009 Porto, February 5, 6 2009 ‹#› Experimental Developments Testing and Results Testing Environment Semi-closed and laboratorial environment Main Focused in tasks of Sharing; Searching; and transferring tourism offers …as well the start of basic trading interactions Peer involved on the experimental marketplace Application Type DSIE’ 09 Number of running instances Location Running Broker Service Web Mirror 1 Inside Firewall N/A Enterprise App 6 Inside Firewall Yes Search App 13 Inside Firewall N/A Enterprise App 1 Internet Yes Search App 2 Internet N/A Doctoral Symposium on Informatics Engineering 2009 Porto, February 5, 6 2009 ‹#› Experimental Developments Testing and Results Users were involved in testing Charge testing methods used All the services and functionalities provided by the applications were tested simultaneously, in order to simulate a real situation of the business network operation. Operational results Good functional operation of the tested software applications and services Main drawbacks Internet located peers had some had some difficulties to communicate with the firewalled peers. Taking a few seconds to complete connections Increase of the amount of network traffic DSIE’ 09 Doctoral Symposium on Informatics Engineering 2009 Porto, February 5, 6 2009 ‹#› Conclusions and Future work Typical e-marketplaces supporting technologies require some expertise, powerful hardware resources and infrastructures, which carry on large supporting costs. Promoting a virtual business network supported by a P2P based emarketplace, seems to be a good strategy to achieve the low costs and create a network effect. From a technical perspective, the flexibility provided by the proposed distributed P2P e-marketplace ensures the support for the sustained growth of peer nodes in the network. Future work includes Improve security aspects Improve the way of connection with peers located on NAT/ firewalled LANS DSIE’ 09 Doctoral Symposium on Informatics Engineering 2009 Porto, February 5, 6 2009 ‹#›