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AGENDA
 Articles
 Chapter 3: Computer Hardware
 Chapter 4: Computer Software
 Team Work
Open Systems Diagram
Input
Conversion
Process
Feedback
Environment
Output
CH.3: Computer Hardware
 Major Components:
 CPU--ALU, Control Unit, Registers
 Primary Storage--ROM, RAM, Cache
 Secondary Storage--Tape, Disks, DASD, Optical Disks, Smart Card
 Input Units--Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Handwriting, Voice
 Output--CRT, LCD, Printers, Voice
 Types of Computers: Supercomputer, Mainframe, Minicomputer,
Workstation, PC, Laptops, PDA
 Technology is a Fast Moving Train!
 Remember: Computers are only tools. What is the best tool for the task-that should determine what is used.
CH.3: Computer Hardware (cont)
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Hard Drive
Media Types (floppy, Zip, CD, DVD, tape)
Cell Phone, PDA, MP3 player
Cables
Boards
SCSI, Firewire, USB, USB 2, Parallel
USB Drive
What are the potential security implications and concerns?
CH.4: Computer Software
 Software Tells Hardware What to Do
 Programming Languages
 First-Generation--Machine Language
 Second-Generation--Assembly Language mnemonic AD, SUB
 Third-Generation--Procedural FORTRAN, COBOL, BASIC, PASCAL,
C, C++ [Page 83, Exhibit 4.1]
 Fourth-Generation--SQL, DBMS, Spreadsheets
Query and Dbase abilities that simplify retrieving data from Dbase
Code generation abilities that produce programming statements
2 Other Approaches: CASE and Object Oriented
CH.4: Computer Software (cont.)
 Language Translators
 Assemblers
 Compilers--syntax analysis, code generation, optimization
 Interpreters--slower than compiled
 System Management Software
 Operating System--Windows 98, NT, 2000, XP, Unix, Mac OS
Accepts and executes commands and requests
Manages, loads and executes programs
Manages hardware resources of the computer time-slicing
Interface--command-based, shells (Windows 3.1), GUI
 Utility Programs
Programs that support computer operations
Programs that provide generalized file manipulation
Generalized computational programs
CH.4: Computer Software (cont.)
 Application Software--General Purpose
Word Processors edit capabilities
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheet Software VisiCalc, macros
Statistical Packages SPSS, SAS
Database Management Software
Integrated Software Packages What are the advantages?
Disadvantages?
 Application-Specific Software:Program designed to solve a
single somewhat specifically designed problem.
In-house development
Purchased or leased--COTS
Modify an existing package
 Integrated vs. Interfaced
Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model
The OSI Reference Model describes seven layers of related functions
that are needed at each end when a message is sent from one party
to another party in a network. An existing network product or
program can be described in part by where it fits into this layered
structure.
For example, TCP/IP is usually packaged with other Internet
programs as a suite of products that support communication over the
Internet. This suite includes the File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Telnet,
the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), e-mail protocols, and
sometimes others. Although TCP fits well into the Transport layer of
OSI and IP into the Network layer, the other programs fit rather
loosely (but not neatly within a layer) into the Session, Presentation,
and Application layers.
Team Assignment
 Choose one of the exercises from the chapters discussed
today. Your team may choose anyone you like an
address at least two points or questions in the exercise.