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Life in Ancient Rome Chapter 10-1 Roman Culture • Copied Greeks • Changed the Greek ways to meet their own needs Roman Art • Greek style statues – Roman statues had flaws, unlike Greeks Octavian Roman Architecture • • • • Used Greek porches and columns Added arches and domes Vault – curved ceiling Invented concrete, a mixture of volcanic ash, lime and water • Buildings of concrete – Colosseum – Pantheon Colosseum Pantheon Roman Literature • Based on Greek works • Virgil – Aeneid • Horace – wrote satires (made fun) – Wrote odes – poems that express emotions • Ovid – wrote works based on Greek myths • Virgil reading the Aeneid to Augustus and Octavia,[4] by Jean-Joseph Taillasson, 1787, an early neoclassical painting (National Gallery, London Roman History • Livy – wrote “History of Rome” – Admired Roman achievements • Tactius – also a historian – Believed emperors took Romans’ freedoms Roman Plays • Many based on Greek – Seneca – Plautus – Terence Roman Language • Latin • Became Europe’s language for government, trade, instruction until 1500 • Many English words from Latin • Latin – foundation of Spanish, French, Italian Latin Bible, 1407 Roman Cursive Roman Science • Galen – anatomy (science about the structure of the human body) • Ptolemy – astronomer; mapped over 1,00 different stars • Engineering – – Roads and bridges – Aqueducts to bring in water – Sewers Ptolemy Daily Life in Rome • Forum – open space that served as marketplace and public square • Wealthy Romans – large, nice houses • City – crowded, noisy, dirty – Thieves – Fires/Buildings collapse – Government gave the poor “bread & circuses” to keep them from rioting – Gladiators – fought for entertainment Roman Forum Family Life in Rome • Large, extended families • Paterfamilias – the father, head of household • Boys – Some went to school and learned reading, writing, rhetoric (public speaking) • Girls – Studied at home – Learned household tasks Roman Clothes • Toga – worn by men (after age 14-16) • Palla – worn by women (after marriage) Women in Rome • Completely controlled by the paterfamilias • Wealthy women had some freedoms – Own land – Run a business – Sell property Roman Slaves • • • • • By 100 B.C. 40% of Romans were slaves Worked hard Educated worked as teachers, doctors Punished severely Spartacus – slave who led a rebellion of 70,000 – 2 years later, revolt was crushed and 6,000 of his followers crucified The Fall of Spartacus Roman Religion • Greek gods and goddesses given Roman names • Roman emperors worshiped • Believed spirits lived in natural things • Honored gods – Altars in the homes – Offered food – prayed Roman Philosophy • Stoicism – encouraged Romans to live a practical life