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Chapter 6 Ancient Rome and the Rise of Christianity Rome began as a small city-state in Italy but ended up ruling the entire Mediterranean world. The story of the Romans and how they built a world empire starts with the land where they lived. The boot of Italy juts out into the Mediterranean Sea and is centrally located in the region. The peninsula was less geographically challenging than that of Greece. This made it easier to unify Italy as one and to eventually control the entire region of the med sea. The early inhabitants settled along the Tiber river valley where they herded and farmed. Those villages would go on to become Rome the city on seven hills. I. The Birth of a Nation A. Roman Republic 1. The Republic—thing of the people 2. designed to keep one person from getting too much power. B. The government takes shape 1. The Senate a. 300 members b. Patricians— members of the landholding upper class c. Served for life 2. Consuls a. Two elected each year b. Supervised government and commanded the armies. 3. Dictator a. Elected only in the event of war b. Given completed control over the government and military c. Granted for only six months Plebeians a. farmers, merchants, artisans, and traders b. Had no say in government 4 Tribunes a. Voice of the people b. Veto power 3. C Roman Society 1. The family 2. Changing roles 3. Education a. All taught to read and write b. The wealthy hired Greeks to supervise education of their children 4 Religion a. Polytheistic b. Resembled those of the Etruscans and Greeks c. Jupiter ruled over the sky and other Gods 5 Citizen Soldiers a. Legion-- 5000 men b. Fought without pay and supplied their own weapons c. Did well you were rewarded. If you fled well….. 1 in 10 paid the price!!!!! II From Republic to Empire 1. The Mediterranean Region a. Unifying Italy b. Control the lands around the Med 2. The Carthaginians a. Led By Hannibal b. Take Sardinia and Sicily c. After 15 years loose the war. 3 Social and Economic Effects a. Latifundi b. Slavery c. Unemployment 4 Reform a. Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus b. Civil War and rebellion “Veni Vidi Vici” “i came, i saw, i conquered” Julius Caesar 5 Julius Caesar a. Put down the rebellion b. Employed the jobless c. Re-organized the government d. Gave more people rights to citizenship e. Senate feared his power and fame f. At the senate they murdered him g. Octavian, Caesars grandnephew is awarded title Augustus or exalted one. WITH THIS THE OLD REPUBLIC CAME TO AN END AND THE AGE OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE BEGAN. PAX ROMANA— ROMAN PEACE By the time of the first Augustus, a new religion was on the rise as well, Christianity. At first it was just another of the many already practiced religions in the roman empire but it quickly gained support and spread throughout the roman empire and by 395 A.D. it would become the official religion of the roman empire. III The Rise of Christianity A. Religious Diversity 1. Conditioned coexistance 2. Jews excused B. Opposition to Roman Rule 1. Revolts 2. Jerusalem leveled C. New Religion 1. Christianity 2. The message 3. Death on the cross D. Spread of Christianity 1. The apostles 2. Persecution 3. Triumph a. Edict of Milan b. Official religion E. Crisis and Reforms 1. Pax Romana ends 2. Political and economic turmoil begins IV Struggle for Power A. Economic and Social Problems 1. High taxes 2. Overproduction of fields B. Roman Empire Divided 1. East 2. West C. Emperor Constantine 1. Toleration 2. New Capital V Foreign Invasion A. The Huns 1. Nomads from Asia 2. Attila the Hun B. The Visigoths 1. Germanic people 2. Odoacer wins Rome C. Causes of the fall of Rome 1. Military causes 2. Economic reasons 3. Patriotic decline