Download fallout from the second punic war

The Punic Wars
1. Why did conflict exist between the
patricians and plebeians?
► The
patricians had all the power and they
didn’t want to give it up
► The patricians took the plebeians rights
away
2. What reforms did the Romans
make to their military organization?
Why were these changes significant?
► Changes:
 Trained soldiers
 Organized military (legions)
 When they needed more soldiers, they recruited slaves
(untrained)
 paid soldiers
 Importance: improvement in military
 Rome was able to go on the offensive and attack other
places
 Expanded their empire
The Punic Wars
►A
series of three wars fought between Rome
and the Phoenician city of Carthage (Africa).
► “Punic" Wars because the latin name for
Phoenician was Punici.
Carthage
Result was the three
Punic Wars
264-146 BC
Carthage
had been
founded as
Phoenician
colony 500
years earlier
Dispute over control
of Sicily and trade
routes in the western
Mediterranean
brought Rome into
conflict with the
powerful North
African city-state of
Carthage
Why war?
► The
purpose of the Punic Wars was Roman
territorial expansion (Rome’s first). Rome
interested in:
 The Carthaginian ports (on islands of Sardinia
and Sicily (wheat))
 The Carthaginian navy posed a threat and hurt
Roman trade along the west coast of Italy.
Romans wanted to control Mediterranean Sea
THE FIRST PUNIC WAR (264
BCE – 241 BCE
► Carthage
was the power of the Mediterranean
(big naval empire), while Rome was becoming
the dominant power in Italy.
► This first “Punic” War was a naval war.
► Early on, Rome had no experience in naval
warfare and struggled on the sea.
The First Punic War
► But,
Rome redesigned its’ fleet with the ships
being able to hook on the side of the enemy boats
allowing the troops to fight on the enemy’s deck.
► Carthage surrendered Sicily, and Rome replaced
Carthage as the major power in the
Mediterranean.
► Rome's victory was mostly due to its persistent
refusal to admit defeat or accept anything but
total victory.
THE SECOND PUNIC WAR
p. 204-206
1.
2.
Who was the commander of the Carthaginian armies in
Spain and what did he swear to do?
From where (and with what) did Hannibal attack the
Romans? Why were the Romans surprised?
3.
What cost did Hannibal’s army pay by trying to
pass through the Alps?
4.
As Hannibal approached the city of Rome, what tactics
did the Romans use in trying to defeat Hannibal?
Instead of attacking Rome what did Hannibal do? Was
this smart?
5.
6.
What was the key to Roman victory in the
Second Punic War?
1. Who was the commander of the
Carthaginian armies in Spain and what
did he swear to do?
► Hannibal,
commander of
Carthage’s army in
Spain.
► According to legend,
Hannibal swore that he
would remain an enemy
of Rome for life.
2. From where (and with what) did Hannibal
attack the Romans? Why were the Romans
surprised?
► Hannibal
attacked from the north
(completely unexpected) as the Romans
considered the towering Alps as a natural
defence barrier.
► 40,000 foot soldiers
► 8,000 cavalry
► 60 elephants
3. What cost did Hannibal’s army pay by
trying to pass through the Alps?
► In
crossing the Alps (15 days) Hannibal lost:
 20,000 foot soldiers
 2,000 cavalry
 40 elephants
4. As Hannibal approached the city of Rome,
what tactics did the Romans use in trying to
defeat Hannibal?
► As
Hannibal approached the Romans
decided to trust their walls and stay within
the confines of the city believing that
Hannibal would run out of supplies.
► Romans lost patience and attacked. They
lost again and 25,000 men were killed.
5. Instead of attacking Rome what did
Hannibal do? Was this smart?
► Instead
of going in for the kill, Hannibal
marched south for food and to wait for
reinforcements.
► This allowed the Romans to regroup and
defeat the Carthaginians.
► Carthage was forced to pay a huge fine and
surrender its empire.
6. What was the key to Roman
victory in the Second Punic War?
► The
interception of a message for Hannibal
► The message revealed the location of
Hannibal’s army
► Using this information, the Romans were
able to win a major victory
► This turned the tide for the Romans
FALLOUT FROM THE SECOND
PUNIC WAR
► Carthage
forced to pay a huge fine and
surrenders its empire.
► The Second Punic war is the turning point in
Roman history as Rome is forced to adjust
to another increase in its empire size (Spain,
France, Africa). Hannibal becomes a
mythical legend and Italy must rebuild after
16 years of bitter fighting.
Review
► http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bFNGVSf
7YNM&feature=related
The Third Punic Wars
► Carthage
violated the peace treaty by building
up its military strength once again.
► Rome feared yet another ‘Hannibal’
► Rome decided the city must be destroyed in
order to end the many years of War.
► Romans plundered, burned and ploughed the
city of Carthage.
► All people who were not killed were sold into
slavery. North Africa was now a province of
Rome.
Results
►
►
►
►
Rome had conquered Carthage’s entire empire
becoming the most powerful state of the
Mediterranean (expanding into Greece, Egypt and
Asia Minor.
Rome still hurting from 100 years of war is now
forced to rule a bigger empire.
The strains of ruling such a large area would
eventually be the downfall of Rome.
Roman countryside was destroyed due to century of
warfare.
Took over Greece,
Rome
Rome
Successor
Macedonia,
eventually
always
some of Asia Minor,
responded
became
kingdom
Syria,
weary
inAegean
the
of
Rome
drawn
into
the
and eastern Mediterranean
increasingly
playing
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better than
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otheroneof the
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successor kingdoms
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too
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and
challenge Rome
Later, the conquests of Gaius Marius,
Lucius Cornelius Sulla, Pompey
Magnus, and Julius Caesar would add
more territory
Gaul, the rest of Asia Minor,
Mesopotamian, Mediterranean Middle
East, Belgium
Assignment
► Write
a series (5) of Newspaper headlines
announcing the major events for Punic
Wars.
 Example - ‘Wealth in Rome pays for 200
New Ships’
► Write
a newspaper article for one of the
Punic Wars. Be sure to cover the 5 W’s:
who, what, where, when, and why.
The First Punic War
► ‘Wealth
in Rome pays for 200 New
Ships’
► ‘Carthaginians surrender Sicily and
3300 in silver to Rome’
► Roman’s prove Victorious after 23
long year of battle’
Second Punic War
► ‘Romans
shocked by Carthaginian
Attack through the Alps’
Legions of Roman armies were shocked this morning as
the Carthaginians launched a surprise attack from the
North.The Romans felt that the ‘towering Alps’ would
protect them . They were proven wrong, as keeping out
the enemy through their natural barrier proved
insufficient.
Hannibal lead a force of 40,000 infantry, 8000 cavalry
and 60 elephants across the northern Alps of Italy today
but not all men and animal survived the trek.