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Download Heartsaver FACTS First Aid
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HEARTSAVER FACTS FIRST AID Heartsaver FACTS First Aid FA00 HEARTSAVER FACTS FIRST AID Need for First Aid • Everyone will have to make the decision to help or not. • It’s better to know first aid & not need it, than to need it and not know it. FA01 FIRST AID HEARTSAVER FACTS “Whatever can go wrong, will.” - Murphy’s Law FA02 HEARTSAVER FACTS FIRST AID First Aid Defined. Immediate care given to injured or suddenly ill person. Given until medical care obtained or until chance of recovery w/o medical care is assured. Purpose. Find it; fix it. FA03 FIRST AID HEARTSAVER FACTS Bystander Action 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Recognize the Emergency Decide to help Contact EMS, if needed Assess the victim Provide first aid FA04 HEARTSAVER FACTS FIRST AID Scene Survey • Hazards • Number of victims • Mechanisms (causes) of injury FA05 FIRST AID HEARTSAVER FACTS Victim Assessment A – Airway B – Breathing C – Circulation D – Disability ABCDs SAMPLE DOTS (medical history) (physical exam) FA08 FIRST AID HEARTSAVER FACTS Victim Assessment FA06 HEARTSAVER FACTS FIRST AID ABCD = Initial Assessment A = Airway open? B = Breathing? C = Circulation? • carotid pulse? • severe bleeding? • skin condition? D = Disability? • sensation? • movement? FA09 FIRST AID HEARTSAVER FACTS SAMPLE History S A M P L E = Sign/symptom = Allergies = Medications = Pertinent past illnesses = Last oral intake = Events leading to the injury/illness FA11 FIRST AID HEARTSAVER FACTS Assessment Sequence Injured Victim Determine Responsiveness Check ABCDs Significant Mechanism of Injury No Significant Mechanism of Injury Physical exam (examine complaint) SAMPLE history Physical exam (head-to-toe) SAMPLE history FA13 HEARTSAVER FACTS FIRST AID Significant Mechanisms of Injury • Falls (3x victim’s height) • Vehicle collisions involving: – – – – – – ejection roll-over high speed pedestrian motorcycle bicycle • Unresponsive or altered mental status • Penetrations (head, chest, abdomen) FA12 HEARTSAVER FACTS FIRST AID DOPS = Signs of Injury D O P S = Deformity = Open wounds = Pain = Swelling FA10 HEARTSAVER FACTS FIRST AID Bleeding Types • Arterial • Venous • Capillary Control by 1. Direct pressure 2. Elevate and direct pressure 3. Pressure point FA15 HEARTSAVER FACTS FIRST AID Types of Open Wounds Abrasion Puncture Avulsion Incision Laceration FA16 FIRST AID HEARTSAVER FACTS Abrasion FA17 FIRST AID HEARTSAVER FACTS Avulsion FA19 FIRST AID HEARTSAVER FACTS Incision FA20 FIRST AID HEARTSAVER FACTS Laceration FA21 FIRST AID HEARTSAVER FACTS Lawn Mower Laceration FA22 FIRST AID HEARTSAVER FACTS Door Slammed on Finger FA23 FIRST AID HEARTSAVER FACTS Machinery Injury FA24 FIRST AID HEARTSAVER FACTS Auto Accident Scalp Wound FA25 FIRST AID HEARTSAVER FACTS Ring Avulsion FA26 FIRST AID HEARTSAVER FACTS Gunshot Wound to Chest FA27 FIRST AID HEARTSAVER FACTS Knife Wound to Throat FA28 FIRST AID HEARTSAVER FACTS Amputation of Thumb FA31 FIRST AID HEARTSAVER FACTS Amputation of Ear FA32 FIRST AID HEARTSAVER FACTS Swelling After Blunt Trauma to Eye FA45 FIRST AID HEARTSAVER FACTS Tooth Avulsion FA46 FIRST AID HEARTSAVER FACTS Broken Tooth FA47 FIRST AID HEARTSAVER FACTS Fracture: Open FA50 FIRST AID HEARTSAVER FACTS Fracture: Closed FA49 FIRST AID HEARTSAVER FACTS Impaled Objects 1. Do not remove 2. Stabilize object 3. Seek medical attention FA33 FIRST AID HEARTSAVER FACTS Puncture FA18 FIRST AID HEARTSAVER FACTS BB in Eye FA43 FIRST AID HEARTSAVER FACTS Staple in Eye FA44 HEARTSAVER FACTS FIRST AID Cleaning Wounds Shallow wounds 1. Wash inside with soap & water 2. Irrigate with pressurized water 3. Apply antibiotic ointment 4. Cover with sterile dressing High risk wounds 1. Seek medical care for cleaning 2. Remote location - clean as best you can FA29 HEARTSAVER FACTS FIRST AID Physician Care Needed? • Clean high risk wounds • Close open wounds 1. Cosmetic, wide, gaping, underlying structure injured 2. Closure times = – extremities within 6 hours – head & trunk within 24 hours • Tetanus booster needed? FA30 HEARTSAVER FACTS FIRST AID Burn Assessment Seek medical care for: • • • • • • Moderate and critical burns All 3rd degree burns Large 2nd degree burns (15-20% BSA) Under 5 & over 55 years old Burns of hands, face, eyes, feet Inhalation or electrical burns FA37 FIRST AID HEARTSAVER FACTS Burn: 2nd and 3rd Degree FA34 FIRST AID HEARTSAVER FACTS Burn: Hot Tar FA35 FIRST AID HEARTSAVER FACTS Burn: Hot Water Scald FA36 FIRST AID HEARTSAVER FACTS Burn: Chemical (from Cement) FA38 FIRST AID HEARTSAVER FACTS Burn: Chemical (from Sulfuric Acid) FA39 FIRST AID HEARTSAVER FACTS Burn: Electrical FA40 FIRST AID HEARTSAVER FACTS Burn: Electrical (foot) FA41 FIRST AID HEARTSAVER FACTS Burn: Lightening Strike FA42 FIRST AID HEARTSAVER FACTS Pelvic Injuries Keep victim on a firm surface and minimize movement. Place padding between victim’s thighs; tie knees and ankles together. Place padding under knees if bent. Call EMS. FA48 FIRST AID HEARTSAVER FACTS RICE Procedures Use for bone, joint, and muscle injuries R = Rest I = Ice pack (on skin over injury) C = Compression (with elastic bandage) E = Elevate Alternate for first 24 to 72 hours • 20-30 minutes of ice with • 2-3 hours of compression FA51 Arm and Leg Deformity • Keep still in place • Secure splint above and below if possible • Ice • Keep as comfortable as possible Poisonous Plants • Poison Oak • Poison Ivy • Poison Sumac • Unless patient is allergic, only care is for itching FIRST AID HEARTSAVER FACTS Poison Ivy Plant FA52 FIRST AID HEARTSAVER FACTS Poison Ivy Blister FA55 FIRST AID HEARTSAVER FACTS Poison Oak Plant FA53 FIRST AID HEARTSAVER FACTS Poison Oak Dermatitis and Blister FA56 FIRST AID HEARTSAVER FACTS Poison Sumac Plant FA54 HEARTSAVER FACTS FIRST AID North American Venomous Snakes Pit Vipers • rattlesnakes • copperheads • watermouth moccasins Coral FA57 HEARTSAVER FACTS FIRST AID Pit Viper Identification • triangular, flat head, wider than neck • elliptical pupils, e.g., cat’s eyes • heat sensitive “pit” between each eye and nostril • Care for snake bites – clean and wrap with gauze, then put a constricting band 2 inches above then 2 inches below the bite FA58 FIRST AID HEARTSAVER FACTS Rattlesnake FA59 FIRST AID HEARTSAVER FACTS Rattlesnake Bite FA60 FIRST AID HEARTSAVER FACTS Copperhead Snake FA61 FIRST AID HEARTSAVER FACTS Copperhead Snake Bite FA62 FIRST AID HEARTSAVER FACTS Cottonmouth Water Moccasin Snake FA63 FIRST AID HEARTSAVER FACTS Cottonmouth Water Moccasin Snake Bite FA64 FIRST AID HEARTSAVER FACTS Coral Snake FA65 FIRST AID HEARTSAVER FACTS Coral Snake Bite FA66 HEARTSAVER FACTS FIRST AID Spider Bites & Scorpion Stings 1. If possible, catch spider. Take to hospital for identification. 2. Clean bitten area with soap and water or rubbing alcohol. 3. Place ice pack over the bite to relieve pain. 4. Monitor ABCs. 5. Seek medical attention immediately. • Treat scorpion stings the same as spider bites. FA71 FIRST AID HEARTSAVER FACTS Black Widow Spider FA67 FIRST AID HEARTSAVER FACTS Black Widow Spider Bite FA68 FIRST AID HEARTSAVER FACTS Brown Recluse Spider FA69 FIRST AID HEARTSAVER FACTS Brown Recluse Spider Bite FA70 FIRST AID HEARTSAVER FACTS Tick FA72 FIRST AID HEARTSAVER FACTS Tick: Engorged and Embedded FA73 FIRST AID HEARTSAVER FACTS Assessment Sequence Ill Victim Determine Responsiveness Check ABCDs Responsive SAMPLE history Physical exam (examine complaint) Unresponsive Physical exam (head-to-toe) SAMPLE history (from FA14 Altered Mental Status • Person, Place, Time • • • and Event Multiple Causes Acute or Chronic? Keep Patient Safe Diabetic Emergencies • • • • • HIGH SUGAR Fruity breath Long term illness Sickly DO NOT ASSIST with insulin • LOW SUGAR • Causes Altered Mental • Status Give sugar if patient is alert Seizures • Grand mal • Petite mal – absence seizure • Noctural seizures • Partial seizures • Aura • Postictal state Strokes • Hemiparesis • Facial droop • Slurred speech • Weakness • Onset time Cardiac Events • Chest pain • Radiating pain • Shortness of breath • AED • CPR Respiratory Problems • Position of comfort • Rescue inhalers • Quick access FIRST AID HEARTSAVER FACTS Types of Hypothermia Mild (above 90° F) • shivering • cold abdomen Severe (below 90° F) • no shivering • rigid muscles • altered mental status • Frost nip • Frost Bite FA77 FIRST AID HEARTSAVER FACTS Frostbitten Ear FA74 FIRST AID HEARTSAVER FACTS Frostbite: 2nd Degree FA75 FIRST AID HEARTSAVER FACTS Frostbite: After 8 Hours FA76 HEARTSAVER FACTS FIRST AID Heat Illnesses Heat stroke • Extremely hot skin • Confusion Heat exhaustion • Profuse sweating • Flu-like symptoms FA78 IF ALL ELSE FAILS CALL 911!!!! Be Prepared to give Exact location Your name What’s wrong with the patient What you have already done A phone number
