Download Communication Skills

Child Care &
Development
Do you ever babysit?
If you answered yes to any of these
questions… YOU are a caregiver!
What is a Caregiver?
• A person who meets
the many NEEDS of
children
• They help prevent
HARM or INJURY
• They help provide an
environment that
fosters GROWTH
Responsibilities of
Caregivers
1. Provide a Safe
Environment
a.
b.
c.
d.
Keep children free from
physical and emotional
harm
Keep unsafe objects locked
up or out of reach
Correct any potential
dangers around the house
(Baby-Proofing)
Take Safety Precautions
2. Provide Basic Needs
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
Nutritious Food and Water
Shelter
Appropriate Clothing
Warm Bed
Medical Care as Needed
Space
3. Provide SelfEsteem Needs
a. Accept the child’s
uniqueness and
respect their
individuality
b. Encourage and
motivate them in
everything they do
c. Notice and praise
the child’s
4. Teach Morals and Values
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
Honesty
Respect
Responsibility
Compassion
Patience
Sharing
Forgiveness
Generosity
5. Develop Mutual
Respect
a. Use respectful
language
b. Listen to them
c. Respect their
feelings, opinions,
privacy and
individuality
6. Provide Appropriate Discipline
a. Discipline is NOT punishment!
b. The purpose of discipline is to teach
c. Discipline is:
•
•
•
•
Structured
Consistent
Predictable
Fair
7. Provide and Encourage
Education
a. Education doesn’t just happen in
school!
b. Encourage lifelong learning
c. Foster learning opportunities
through discovery and exploration
8. KNOW THEM!
a. Spend quality time
together
b. Ask questions
c. Communicate……
communicate…..
communicate!
Caregivers are NOT Responsible for…
1. Providing designer clothes and
shoes
2. Picking up after or cleaning for
the child
3. Providing cell phones, TV,
games , computers or
entertainment
Get the
Your Caregivers
Take a minute and think about
YOUR parents and caregivers:
How have they met your needs?
What have they sacrificed for you?
Have they provided any “extras”
for you?
If they were here, what would you
Child Development
•
•
•
•
Before you can become a successful caregiver, you
must know a thing or two about Child
Development.
Child Development: how a child becomes able to
do more complex things as they age.
Development is measured through specific
milestones.
Milestones are a set of skills or tasks that most
children can do at a certain age. Remember,
Milestones
•
These developmental milestones are broken
into 4 categories:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Physical Development
Cognitive/Thinking Skills
Social & Emotional Development
Communication Skills
Let’s Start at the
Beginning…
Pre Natal Development
PRE = Before
NATAL = Birth
Pre-natal development happens
the baby is born.
fast!
After 9 Months, the baby is born.
BEFORE
It is extremely
Birth to 3 Months
Physical Development:
Raise head slightly, hold
hand in fist, use
reflexes, fascinated with
hands
Cognitive/Thinking Skills:
Focus on and follow
moving objectsincluding faces, Can see
up to 13” away
Birth to 3 Months
Social & Emotional Development:
Sucks their own fingers,
discovers arms and legs, begins
to smile at familiar caregivers
Communication Skills:
Communicates needs with
body movements, crying,
babbling and laughing,
Responds differently to the
voice of caregivers than to
other adults
3 to 6 Months
Physical Development:
Rolls over, reaches for and
touches objects, puts
objects in mouth,
discovers everything for
the first time
Cognitive/Thinking Skills:
Recognizes faces,
imitates facial
expressions of others,
responds to familiar
sounds
3 to 6 Months
Social & Emotional
Development:
Plays “Peek-A-Boo”, begins to
smile and laugh more
Communication Skills:
Listens to conversations,
repeats some vowels and
other sounds
6 to 9 Months
Physical Development:
Begins to crawl, pulls
things toward self,
transfers objects between
hands
Cognitive/Thinking Skills:
Stares at people and objects,
depth perception begins to
develop, begins to tell the
difference between objects
that do or do not move
6 to 9 Months
Social & Emotional Development:
Expresses several new emotions,
distinguishes between friends and
strangers, shows unhappiness at the
loss of a toy
Communication Skills:
Begins repetitive babbling,
associates gestures with
phrases like “hi” and “byebye”, uses vocal sounds to
express interest
9 Months to 1 Year
Physical Development:
Can sit, stand or walk without
support, throws objects, uses
more fine motor skills to pick
things up
Cognitive/Thinking Skills:
Develops object
permanence, imitates
gestures and actions,
enjoys looking at picture
books, responds to simple
9 Months to 1 Year
Social & Emotional
Development:
Begins to feed themselves,
mimics simple actions, begins
Communication Skills:
to show separation anxiety
Understands the names of
familiar people and objects,
responds to “no” from
caregivers, says a few simple
words
1 to 2 Years
Physical Development:
Can walk backwards, picks up
toys from standing position,
pushes and pulls objects, can
turn knobs, holds crayons with
fist
Cognitive/Thinking Skills:
Imitates adults’ actions
and language, begins to
match similar objects,
distinguishes between
1 to 2 Years
Social & Emotional Development:
Recognizes themselves in the mirror,
shows pride in new
accomplishments, begins to be
helpful by following simple
instructions
Communication Skills:
Understands many words
and directions, uses “me”,
“mine”, and “my” a lot,
learns about 9 new words a
2 to 3 Years
Physical Development:
Can jump in place, run forward,
walk on tip-toes, turns pages
one-by-one, can draw a circle,
holds crayons with thumb and
fingers
Cognitive/Thinking Skills:
Responds to simple directions,
can identify themselves and
others by name, observes and
imitates more complex adult
actions (ex: playing house)
2 to 3 Years
Social & Emotional Development:
“Terrible Two’s”, begins to say “no” a
lot, begins to be more independent,
displays more aggressive feelings and
behaviors, expresses toilet training
needs
Communication Skills:
Points to objects when
they’re named, responds to
“what” and “where”, enjoys
listening to stories, recounts
the events of the day
3 to 4 Years
Physical Development:
Can walk in a straight line,
run around obstacles, ride a
tricycle, throw and catch a
ball, balance on one foot
Cognitive/Thinking Skills:
Matches and organizes
objects, can remember past
and present, stays
entertained with an activity
for longer periods of time
3 to 4 Years
Social & Emotional Development:
Can f0llow simple directions, begins to
share toys, begins playing more with
other children, begins dramatic playing
(ex: pretending to be animals, dressup)
Communication Skills:
Uses and understands
simple sentences, using
more complex grammar,
sings songs or nursery
4 to 5 Years
Physical Development:
Can jump forwards without
falling, jump on one foot, walk
up and down stairs alone, use
safety scissors, print a few capital
letters
Cognitive/Thinking Skills:
Can name colors, plays with
words, mimics and creates
sounds, makes rhymes,
counts to 5
4 to 5 Years
Social & Emotional
Development:
Develops longer lasting
friendships, begins
recognizing others feelings,
Communication
Skills:
enjoys imaginative play
with
others
Retells stories but may
confuse facts, understands
sequences of events when
clearly explained, listens and