Download Public Speaking: An Audience-Centered Approach – 7th edition

Public Speaking:
An Audience-Centered Approach – 7th edition
Chapter 1
Speaking
With
Confidence
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Steven A. Beebe & Susan J. Beebe
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009
“I’ll pay
more for a
person’s
ability
to speak
and express
himself than
for any
other quality
he might
possess”
- Charles M. Schwab
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009
Why Study Public Speaking?
Empowerment
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•
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•
Achieves desired goals.
Is “advantage” over
competition.
Shows confidence.
Shows conviction.
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009
Employment
•
•
Corporations want
skilled speakers:
 to adapt information,
 to be organized, and
 to keep listeners interested.
Communication: top skill
sought by employers.
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Public Speaking Differs
From Conversation
Public Speaking is Planned
•
•
•
More practice.
More preparation.
More research.
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Public Speaking is Formal
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Less slang & casual language.
More physical distance between
speaker and audience.
More controlled
gestures and
movements.
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Speaker & Audience Roles
Clearly Defined
•
•
•
Expectations
well-established.
Behaviors stable.
Speaker and
audience
follow rules
more.
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The Communication Process
Communication as Action
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Linear, one-way messages.
Source: encodes message.
Message: what is said & how it is said.
Channel: how message is transmitted.
Receiver: decodes message.
Noise: interferes with message .
 Internal.
 External.
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009
The Action Model of Communication:
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Communication as Interaction
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As message is sent, feedback to
sender is provided by receiver.
Communication happens within a context:
Context: environment/situation in
which speech occurs.
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Communication as Transaction
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Communication happens simultaneously.
Sender also receives message.
Receiver also sends message.
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The Rich Heritage
of Public Speaking
4th Century B.C. – The
“Golden Age” of Rhetoric
Rhetoric: use of words
and symbols to
achieve a goal.
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15th Century –
Public
speaking
used
mostly
by clergy.
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18th Century –
Public
speaking
used by
American
patriots
to promote
independence.
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19th Century –
Public
speaking
plays
role in
abolition
and
suffrage
movements.
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20th Century –
•
•
Television becomes a
force in public speaking.
War & civil rights issues.
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21st Century –
Technology & media
revolutionize how
people communicate.
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Public Speaking & Diversity
•
•
•
Different audiences have
different expectations.
Speakers must adapt
to audiences.
Audience-centeredness is key.
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Improving Your Confidence
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Nervousness is normal.
Public speaking number
one in highest anxiety.
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Understand Your
Nervousness
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Brain triggers body.
Communication apprehension
(CA): fear of speaking.
Styles of CA:
 Average: normal heart rate.
 Insensitive: lower heart rate.
 Inflexible: higher heart rate.
 Confrontation: high to normal heart rate.
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009
Nervousness –
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Audience cannot
see nervousness.
Use anxiety to
your advantage.
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Build Your Confidence
Before your speech:
• Don’t delay preparing.
• Learn as much as you
can about your audience.
• Pick a comfortable and
familiar topic.
• Rehearse your speech.
• Present a structured speech.
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Other advice
• Be familiar with introduction and
conclusion.
• Simulate actual speech conditions.
• Breathe deeply.
• Think & act calm.
• Picture positive outcomes.
• Reassure yourself mentally
(with a pep talk).
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009
Finally…
During the speech:
• Focus on content, not fears.
• Look for supportive
audience members.
After the speech:
• Reflect on positives.
• Seek other speaking
opportunities.
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009