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The Sui Dynasty Sui Wendi united northern and southern China in 589. First emperor of Sui Dynasty. Builds Grand Canal. Dynasty ends in 618. Overtaxed and overworked. Tang Rulers Create a Powerful Empire Dynasty rules for nearly 300 years. 618-907. Tang Taizong reconquers northern and western lands lost during the Han. Wu Zhou only woman ruler. Tang Taizong Wu Zhou Map of the Tang Dynasty Tang Empire Expand network of roads and canals. Lowered taxes/ took land from the wealthy. Revive civil service system. Build schools. Open to everyone. Tang Losses Power Reimposed crushing taxes to pay for military expansion. Peasants fled villages in times of famine and roved the countryside as bandits. Dynasty got too big to control. Battle of Talas River Song Dynasty Restores China The Song ruled China for over 300 years. 960-1279. Never regain northern and western lands. Jurchen force the Song out of the north. Map of the Song Dynasty Tang and Song Innovations Moveable type. Gunpowder. Porcelain. Mechanical clock. Magnetic compass. Paper money. Porcelain Magnetic Compass Agriculture Imported a new strain of rice from Vietnam. Government distributes seedlings to farmers. Farmers harvest two crops each year. Trade and Foreign Contacts Tang armies guarded the Silk Roads. Ocean trade increase thanks to the magnetic compass. Foreign traders, mainly Arabs reside in Chinese cities. Went both ways. Golden Age of Art Produced poetry that praised orderliness, Confucian virtues,wars, and life's pleasures. Painting represented beauty in nature. Daoist thought. Black was the favorite color. Changes in Chinese Society Chinese society became mobile. Aristocratic family power fades. Genrty- well-to-do-people increases. Scholars and their families. Social Classes Gentry – Upper class. Middle Class- Merchants, shopkeepers, artisans, minor officials. Lower- Laborers, soldiers, and servants. Peasants- Largest. Status of Woman Further decline during the Tang and Song. To be subservient to men. The practice of foot binding becomes popular. Lily foot. Mongols on the Asian Steppe Mongols prided themselves on their skill of horseback, their discipline, and ruthlessness. These lands connected the East and West. Home to dangerous nomads. Eurasia Steppe Geography of the Steppe Western steppe spans from eastern Europe and Central Asia. Home of the ancient invaders. Very little rain/extreme temperature. Rainfall/ climate better in West Nomadic Way of Life Pastoralists -Herded domestic animals. Depend on these animals. Followed patterns. Wars were frequent over land. Traveled in clans. Yurts Steppe Nomads/Settled Societies Often engaged in peaceful trade. Nomads prided themselves on scarcity and hardship. Nomads invaded border towns and villages. Rise of Mongols Mongol existed on the eastern steppe in loosely organized clans. Temujin, Genghis Khan, sought to unify the Mongols by defeating his enemies. Conquerors much of Asia. Genghis Khan Genghis the Conqueror Brilliant organizer- Followed Chinese model. Gifted startegist – Dressed up dummies, used spies, and used tricks. Used cruelty- Scared people. Adopted new weapons. Mongol Empire Following his death of Genghis Khan, his son became great Khan. These successors expand the Mongol Empire. Largest empire in history. Mongol Empire Rule Under the Mongols Many areas the Mongols invaded never recovered. Installed stability and law and order. Pax Mongolica. Safe to travel throughout the empire. May have spread the plague. Kublai Khan Conquerors China