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Module 5 Reading and Vocabulary Philosophers of Ancient China 孔子(前551~前479) 名丘,字尼。春秋后期 伟大的思想家、教育家, 儒家的创始人。鲁国人。 是儒家学派的创始人, 提出了“仁”的思想,是 中国古代著名的思想家 和教育家。 Confucius 孟子(前372—前 289)名轲,战国中 期鲁国邹人。受业 于子思(孔子之孙, 名)之门人,曾游 历于宋、滕、魏、 齐等国,阐述他的 政治主张,还曾在 齐为卿。晚年退而 著书,传世有《孟 子》七篇。他是战 国中期儒家的代表。 Mencius 墨翟(公元前 476—390),人 们尊称墨子。他 是战国初年的鲁 国人,大约生于 公元前476年, 死于公元前390 年。 Mozi equal important look after philosopher philosophy ruler state teachings thinker treat war In ancient China, private teachers traveled from state to s_______ explaining their p________ tate hilosophy Confucius was the most important of the ancient Chinese p________ hilosophers Confucius’s t_________ eaching influenced society for more than hinkers included Mencius 2000 years. Other important t_______ and Mozi. All three teachers believed in the i_________ mportance of kindness and good government. Mencius’s ideas were very similar to those of Confucius, but some of Mozi’s t_________ eachings were very different. For example, he hated ar the idea of w_____ and believed that strong people should l_________ ook after weaker people. 1. Man is born good 人之初性本善。 2. All human beings are equal. 众生平等。 3. The family is important. We are members 家庭重要,我们是群体的成员。 of a group. 己所不欲,勿施于人。 4. Treat others in the way you want to treated. 5. People are more important than rulers 民为贵,君为轻。 6. We should love all human beings. 我们应爱所有的人。 Match the words with the definitions: 1. an idea that influences the way you behave principle _______ 2. to start an organisation or philosophy _______ found 3. the feeling that something is true and exists _______ belief 4. when people obey laws and rules and do not cause trouble ______ order 5. to look after children until they are adults bring _______ up 6. give a lot of importance to _______ stress 7. job _______ position 8. doing what he suggested follow____________ one’s advice 9. tell your employer that you are going to leave your jo _______ resign adviser 10. someone who gives advice ________ influencial 11. having a lot of influence ________ Read the passage in three minutes and say T or F to the following statements: 1. Confucius lived in a country where there was no war a long time ago. F 2. Confucius was a philosopher whose influence has been the greatest for more than 2000 years. T 3. Mencius was a student taught by Confucius. F 4. Some rulers followed the advice which was given by Mencius. F 5. Mozi was a man who lived an unusual life. T 1. Whose influence has been the greatest among all the philosophers of ancient China? A. Mencius B. Mozi C. Confucius D. Zhuangzi 2. Confucius stressed the importance of the following aspects except__________ A. Kindness B. friendship C. order D. duty 3. Which is NOT the right statement about Mozi? A. He was known for his unusual clothes and behavior. B. He hated the idea of war. C. All his beliefs were the same as Confucius. D. He believed all men were equal. 4. “If the government was kind, then people would be good.” is the teaching of _________. A. Mencius C. Mozi B.Confucius D. Xunzi 5. Which belief by Mozi was similar to that of Confucius? A. We should love all human beings. B. The government shouldn’t treat people badly. C. We should look after those who are weaker than ourselves. D. The government was most important. 6. What’s main idea of the passage? A. The author wants to make people believe in the teachings by thinkers of ancient. B. The author wants to introduce three influential philosophers of ancient China. C. The author wants to tell interesting stories about three important teachers in ancient China. D. The author wants to show the history of philosophy in ancient China. 7. Which shows the right order of time when the three great thinkers lived? A. Confucius--- Mencius ---Mozi B.Mencius----Mozi---Confucius C. Confucius---Mozi---Mencius Confucius D.Mozi--- Mencius--- 8. From the text we can infer that___________ A. Only in time of war could philosophers produce great teaching. B. It was not easy to find a state where people would follow the thinker's teaching. C. Great philosophers must have been born in poor families. D. Influential philosophers wouldn’t agree with each other. Scan the text for some important information: People year of birth important ideas length of living Confucius 551 BC Mencius Mozi 372 BC 476 BC kindness, Man is good; duty;order People would in society be good; people were more important 72 83 men were equal; love for the Weak; hate the idea of war 86 Retell the whole passage according to the table.