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Early Civilizations in China Stankiewicz World Studies Essential Questions • How did geography help shape early Chinese civilization? • What ideas of government did the Chinese develop? • How did religion effect ancient China? • What were the social classes in ancient China? • What were some of the achievements of early Chinese civilizations? Geography of Ancient China • Ancient Chinese called their land “Zhongguo (the Middle Kingdom) • Ancient China was very isolated – _________________________________________ _________________________________________ ________________________________ – One of the most _________________________ civilization of the ancient world Geography of Ancient China • Isolation lead to belief that China ______________ ______________ ___________ • Also, the feeling China was ______________ ____________ Geography of Ancient China • Geographic Barriers – To the west and southwest • ___________________ • Tien Shan Geography of Ancient China • Geographic Barriers – To the southeast • _____________ Geography of Ancient China • Geographic Barriers – To the north • ____________ ____________ – Brutal area Geography of Ancient China • Geographic Barriers – To the east • ___________ ___________ • ___________ ___________ Geography of Ancient China • Despite these geographic barriers – Chinese did have contact with outside world – _____________________________________ Contact between Peoples in Ancient China • Most contact was, however, with warlike, nomadic invaders • Looked at nomads(non-Chinese) as _________________________________ – ______________________________________ – ______________________________________acc ording to the Chinese Contact between Peoples in Ancient China • _____________________________________ _________________________________ • When they attacked and sometimes conquered Chinese ___________________ _______________________________________ __________________ rather than change it • Yet, Chinese still expanded to vast areas Main Geographic Regions in China • As the Chinese expanded their empire came to include many ______________________ – Many climates and landforms Main Geographic Regions in China • ___________________________________ – East coast – Valleys of the Yellow River and Yangzi River • Rivers formed communications and transportation routes • Irrigation supply – ______________________________________ Main Geographic Regions in China • Outlying regions – Invaders constantly attacked these regions – Chinese government made alliances with regions often • • • • ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Xingjian ___________________________________ Dynasties, Government and Social Classes Ideas of government • Many rivers would flood yearly, including the Yellow River • Ancient Chinese needed a _____________ government to create water projects necessary to control the river • ___________________________________ Dynasties and Government • Shang Dynasty • Dominated from 1650 BC until 1027 BC • __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ Dynasties and Government • Shang Dynasty had great tombs and palaces • Warrior kings led their armies from walled cities against any invader – _________________________________________ _________________________________________ ________________________________ • Noblemen had considerable status – They controlled the rest of lands and were loyal to Shang kings Dynasties and Government • Clans important • _____________________________________ _________________________________ • Because of this loose bond between King and Noblemen the civilization of China was more like Sumer city states than Egypt Ancient Chinese Religious Beliefs • • • • Under Shang Dynasty ___________________________________ Nature gods and spirits Chief god was _______________________ – Mother goddess who brought plants and animals to world Ancient Chinese Religious Beliefs • Gods as great as Shang Di would not respond to needs of everyday people • _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _______________________________ • People prayed to ancestors to intercede for them in daily life Ancient Chinese Religious Beliefs • At first only ancestors of rulers and powerful were thought to help intercede • Later veneration of ancestors in all classes was practiced throughout Chinese society • _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _______________________________ Consulting Ancestors • __________________ – Interpreting questions Ancient Chinese Religious Beliefs • Yin and Yang • __________________ __________________ __________________ • Delicate balance • Not opposites • Well being of universe depends on harmony between Yin and Yang Yin • Linked to: – _________________________________ – Darkness – _________________________________ Yang • Linked to: – _____________________________________ – Light – ______________________________________ Social Classes • • • • Royal Family Nobles Artisans and merchants __________________________________ Peasants Clustered together in farming villages • Lived in thatched roofed houses with _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _______________________ and warm in winter Accomplishments Writing (accomplishment) • Ancient Chinese developed a system of writing that used: – Pictographs – Ideographs • ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ Writing (an accomplishment continued) • Calligraphy - Fine handwriting • Writing fostered unity – _________________________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________ _____________________________ Another Early Dynasty • Zhou Dynasty • Overthrew the Shang in 1027 BC • _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _______________________________ – Cruelty of Shang Dynasty led to Zhou uprising – Heaven told Zhou to rule the people fairly Zhou Dynasty Dynastic Cycle • Circular • Aging Dynasty – ______________________________________ – Becomes corrupt – ______________________________________ • New Dynasty – ______________________________________ Dynastic Cycle Feudalism in Ancient China • Started by Zhou Dynasty • A system of government which local lords own land but owed military service and support to the ruler • __________________________________ • Developed in Japan and Europe later Other Accomplishments • Silk making • ___________________________________ • Strong economies Things to know for this test • • • • • • • Dynastic Cycle – in detail How did geography effect early Chinese civilization Compare Religion – Shang Di and Egypt Yin and Yang Ancestral veneration Clans/Feudalism You can do very well on this test if you study, we have faith in you!