Download Franklin Delano Roosevelt

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Upon his inauguration Roosevelt faced the enormous
task of stabilizing the national banking system.
Roosevelt took drastic measures to overhaul the
previous system.
On March 6, 1933, two days after becoming
president, Roosevelt declared a five-day national bank
holiday to close banks temporarily to prevent the
onslaught of depositors seeking to withdraw money.
FDR called Congress into an emergency session
where Congress signed the President’s proposal.
Several days later, Congress passed the Emergency
Banking Relief Act, which gave government the
power to regulate in addition to inspect all bank and
monitor banking transactions as well as close poorperforming banks.
Several months later, Congress passed the GlassSteagall Banking Reform Act to protect savings
deposits. The act, in turn, created the Federal Deposit
Insurance Corporation (FDIC), which insured an
individual's savings of up to $5,000 (today, it insures
deposits of up to $100,000). The act also regulated
lending policies and forbade banks from investing in
the stock market. After the banking crisis was
resolved, Roosevelt aired the first of his “fireside
chats” to over 50 million radio listeners, encouraging
Americans to redeposit their money in the newly
opened banks.
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The "First New Deal" of 1933 was aimed at
meeting the needs of practically all major
groups, from banking and railroads to
industry and farming.
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Enacted economic various economic
programs to relieve mounting unemployment
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Reformed business and financial programs to
stimulating the recovery of the economy
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The New Deal innovated with banking
reform laws, work relief programs,
agricultural programs, and industrial reform
(the National Recovery Administration,
NRA), and the end of the gold standard
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A "Second New Deal" (1935–1938)
included labor union support, the
Works Progress Administration
(WPA) relief program, the Social
Security Act, and programs to aid the
agricultural sector, including tenant
farmers and migrant workers.
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The Supreme Court ruled several
programs unconstitutional; however,
most were soon replaced, with the
exception of the NRA.
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The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938
was the last major program launched,
which set maximum hours and
minimum wages for most categories
of workers.
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The bombing of Pearl Harbor on December 7,
1941 propelled the United States to enter World
War II
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The devastating event of Pearl Harbor promoted
the unanimous vote in Congress to declare war
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December 8, 1941 was the official date of the
U.S. declaration of war.
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This war, while not unexpected, was not the war
the U.S. wanted to take part in due to the fact
that Germany was deemed a great threat. Hitler
didn't declare war against the U.S. until
December 11,1941
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The entry of the United States of America ended
the stance of neutrality. It pushed the United
States into the international spotlight
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The Supreme Court and a some Republicans
and conservative Democrats had at various times
proven resistant to FDR's New Deal. FDR set
out in his second term to remove these
roadblocks.
The major road block of FDR’s New Deal was
the Supreme Court .Roosevelt knew that if the
Court ruled the centerpiece of the early New
Deal unconstitutional, it would more likely do
the same to subsequent programs, such as the
Social Security Act, when they appeared on the
Court's docket.
Roosevelt's best hope was for the composition of
the Court to change. But older, conservative
justices opposed to FDR's program refused to
retire -- and some of the most ardent New Deal
supporters surmised that these jurists simply
refused to die -- so FDR sought a more
systematic way to shield his policies from court
action.
Roosevelt’s solution was to create a new seat in
the Supreme Court so that his agenda’s were able
to become balanced with an even vote. Yet
before the plan was able to be put into action, the
Supreme Court voted to pass all the Roosevelt’s
bills
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Roosevelt also had his eyes set on revamping the
administrative and bureaucracy in charge of the
implementation of Chief Executive policies.
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In 1937, FDR sought to for executive
reorganization for a single administrator to
replace the three-member Civil Service
Commission, for the President and his staff to
assume more responsibility in budget planning,
and for every executive agency to come under
the control of one of the cabinet departments
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The plan did not work as opponents and
republicans portrayed the act as just another plan
to further the plan of the President disrupting the
balance of power by giving the FDR more
authority
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In 1939, Congress did pass a reorganization
bill that created the Executive Office of the
President (EOP) and allowed FDR to shift a
number of executive agencies (including the
Bureau of the Budget) to its watch. While
FDR did not get the far-reaching result he
sought in 1937, the 1939 legislation
strengthened the Presidency immeasurably.
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The Good Neighbor policy was created by
President Roosevelt to strengthen
international relations with Latin American
countries due to the ever increasing conflicts
the started to arise
The main point of the policy was to maintain
peace in Latin America without the need of
military involvement
The proposal was meant to persuade Latin
America countries to join the Organization of
the American States under the United
Nations
To ensure support Roosevelt emphasized
cooperation and trade rather than military
intervention to maintain peace
The idea was to use the collaboration of the
countries to further US goals
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The Pan American Convention was a conference
held in Montevideo, Uruguay on December 26,
1933.
During this convention President Franklin
Roosevelt as well as other states signed the
Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of
States
By signing the Treaty the US declared that
American disagreement to military intervention in
inter-American affairs.
The treaty was meant to reverse the Yankee
imperialism image that had associated with United
States
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The treaty later served as international law that
declared the rights and duties that the states had to
follow this.
Also were FDR introduced his good neighbor
policy. This was important because it set ground
rules for all states to go by.
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Roosevelt finally called for war or to
intervention as Germany attacked
Russia in the June of 1940
July 1, 1941 the U.S. Sent 4,000
marines to stop a German invasion.
But at this point the US remained
neutral despite giving aid. Yet after
Pearl Harbor the U.S. Signed a
Declaration of War on Japan.
I believe this was important because
it was the start of WWII for the U.S.
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The Neutrality acts were created by
FRD and passed by congress in order
to keep the U.S. Out of another war.
The act was passed in 1935 and only
allow limited arms sales to other
nations that were not at war. It also
stopped an loans to nations that had
not paid off there other war debts and
also did not allow the transport of
arms to counties during war time.
Though when Pearl Harbor came the
acts were repealed. It was important
cause it acted within the interest of
the U.S. Not to go to war.
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The Lend-Lease program was
designed to provide allied nations
with aid without going to war.
It also acted within the guide
lines of the Neutrality acts it gave
aid to Great Britain, USSR, &
China and other smaller nations.
By the end of the war the U.S.
Lent out over $45 billion dollars
in supplies. This was important
because it gave crucial aid to
allied nations
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If we were to evalute Franklin D.
Roosevelt a grade based on his
overall presidency as well as his
policies I would give him an A-.
President Roosevelt is flawed and
human like us all. Yet this man was
able to change the dynamics of the
United States and bring back the
once desolate nation into a new era
that brought the US into the
international arena. He was able to
navigate the challenges that WWII
brought forth as well revive the US
economy. Roosevelt in our opinion
was a man that revolutionized the
Untied States of America, more than
any other President.
Bibliography
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Source for foreign policyhttp://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1978/3/78.03.05.x.html
http://www.sparknotes.com/history/american/depression/context.html
"New Deal." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 11 Jun 2009, 00:13 UTC. 11 Jun
2009 <http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_Deal&oldid=295684659>.