Download Chapter 10 Section 1 13 th Amendment

Chapter 10
Section 1
13th Amendment
 Ratified in December, 1865.
Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude,
except as punishment for crime whereof
the party shall have been duly convicted,
shall exist within the United States or any
place subject to their jurisdiction.
• Abolished slavery
President Lincoln’s Plan
 10% Plan
*
Pardon crimes for Confederate officers
* to
convince them to join union
* accept
*
*
end to slavery
Replace majority rule with “loyal rule” in
the South.
Plan would be recognized when 10% of
the voting population in the 1860
election had taken an oath of loyalty
Why did President
Lincoln favor a
lenient policy towards
the South?
Wade-Davis Bill (1864)
 By Radical Republicans
 Wanted terms much more
difficult for southern whites
to accept
Senator
Benjamin
Wade
(R-OH)
 made it impossible for
Confederate states
 RESULT: Less confederate
states would return to Union
Congressman
Henry
W. Davis
(R-MD)
President Andrew Johnson
 Elected after Lincoln
was assassinated
Freedmen’s
Bureau
Freedmen’s Bureau (1865)
 Congress forms the
Freedmen’s Bureau.
 Counteracts the Black
Codes
Freedmen’s Bureau (1865)
 Organized to help exslaves with
 Food
 medical care
 resettlement
 education
Freedmen’s Bureau Seen Through
Southern
Eyes
Plenty to
eat and
nothing to
do.
Successes of Freedmen’s Bureau
• Gained support quickly from African
Americans
• Elected as officials by African American
voters
• Built
– Schools
– Churches
• Modernize the South
Struggles of
Freedmen’s Bureau
• Were accused of having ulterior motives
• Were not looking out for the best interest
of African Americans
Freedmen’s Bureau School
What were the
purposes of the
freedoms bill?
President Johnson’s Plan (10%+)
 Made most Confederate states eligible for pardons if
they became loyal
 Created easy terms so Confederate states could return
to their place in Union
 States had to hold constitutional convention
Write new constitution to void
Slavery
Ratify 13th Amendment
Stop payments of state war debts
Things didn’t work out…
 Many Southern state
constitutions fell short of
minimum requirements.
 Revival of the South
BLACK CODES
Black Codes
 Purpose:
*
Guarantee stable labor
 Forced many blacks to
become sharecroppers
 Plantation owners
would rent land to
black families.
 Give 1/3 of crop to
plantation owner
Black Codes
• Southern rules
• Blacks could not own guns
• They could only own property in the ‘black’
part of town (less desirable areas).
• Not allowed to testify in court
• They could be arrested for being rude to
whites or for not having a job.
Whom did President
Johnson blame for
the war?
Civil Rights Act of 1866
1. Bestowed full citizen ship on AfricanAmericans
2. Overturned black codes
3. Overturned 1857 Dred Scott decision
14th Amendment
 Ratified in July, 1868.
*
Provide a constitutional guarantee
*
for rights of freed people.
 Southern states would be punished
 denying the right to vote to black
citizens!
Johnson Impeached
• Johnson tries to impede Radical
Reconstruction
• February, 1868--Congress impeaches
Uses Tenure Act as an excuse
Real cause is differences over Reconstruction
• Senate refuses to convict Johnson
• Radical Republicans seen as subversive
of Constitution, lose publics support
15th Amendment
 Ratified in 1870.
 The right of citizens of the United
States to vote shall not be denied or
abridged by the United States or by
any state on account of race, color, or
previous condition of servitude.
 It gives black males the right to vote.
What two laws did the
Radical Republicans
pass to reduce
presidential power?
Complete the Graphic Organizer below to explain how
each listed piece of legislation affected African Americans
Legislation
Black Codes
Civil rights Act of 1866
14th Amendment
15th Amendment
Effect