Download Rising Tensions

The Cold War rivalry between the two superpower
unfolded into multiple arenas: military, espionage, sports
industrial, and technological developments
Harry Truman
Joseph Stalin
• The U.S. and Russia used variety of techniques to
gain influence around the world
• CIA and KGB used covert secret activities such as
spying and assassination attempts as well as gave
aid and helped develop nations
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Foreign Aid
Propaganda
Espionage
Brinkmanship
Multinational
Alliances
• Proxy Wars
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1948- Berlin Airlift
1949- China
1950- Korean War
1951- Arms Race
1957-Space Race
1959- Cuba
1960- U-2 Spy Plane
1961- Berlin Wall
1964- Vietnam War
• Stalin installed “satellite”
communist governments
in the Eastern European
countries of Albania,
Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia,
Hungary, Romania,
Yugoslavia and East
Germany.
• Because of Stalin’s
influence in these regions
Europe countries were
caught in a tug of war
between democracy
and communism
In a 1946 speech, Stalin said communism and capitalism
were incompatible – and another war was inevitable
NATO
Warsaw Pact
What was the goal of NATO?
•To stop the spread of communism
Berlin Airlift
• Soviet Union blocked
access to West Berlin
hoping to force West
Berlin to become
Communist.
• The Airlift was an issue
of American integrity and
an exercise of it's Airforce
might. The Airlift helped
solidify America as an
emerging super power in
the 1940's.
USSR- Stalin
N. Korea-Il Sung
http://www.brainpop.com/socialstudies/ushistory/koreanwar/
China- Mao
• Keeping in line with Truman’s
Doctrine of Containment, Korea split
at the 38th Parallel with a Communist
North and a Democratic South.
• By 1949, the Soviet Union had
withdrawn from North Korea, but had
generously supplied the North
Korean army with tanks, airplanes,
and MONEY, encouraging them to
take over South Korea.
• The Russian hope… The U.S. won’t
defend the South Koreans. (They
were wrong)
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Soviets tested their first atomic bomb in 1949
US Test the new more powerful H-Bomb in 1952
Soviets Test their own H-Bomb 1953
The Competition continued…
The nuclear arms race was a competition for
supremacy in nuclear warfare between the United States
allies, the Soviet Army and their respective allies during
the Cold War.
• During the Cold War, in addition to the American and
Soviet nuclear stockpiles, other countries also developed
nuclear weapons
4 major types of
nuclear testing:
1. atmospheric,
2. underground,
3.exoatmospheric
4. underwater.
• Less money $ a large army
• More money for atomic weapons of all kinds.
• From 1,000 to18,000 bombs by 1961
• Fighting small wars to stop the spread of
Communism were too expensive (like Korea)
• Instead threaten to use nuclear weapons,
this policy is called Massive Retaliation
What is Massive Retaliation?
Threatening to use nuclear
weapons to get our way
• The competition of space exploration
between the Soviet Union and the US
The Space Race was
used by government
leaders to instill hope in
the future of their
country for their people
October 4, 1957,
the Soviet Union
launched the first
rocket to reach
space from
Kazakhstan. It was
the first satellite that
orbited the earth.
• To counter this, the United States
Government established the National
Aeronautics Space Administration (NASA)
on July 29, 1958
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MxWxjFCqUzE
• The wound deepened
when the United
States' tried to impress
the world with a rocket
called Vanguard
• Vanguard exploded on
the launch pad, while
the entire world was
watching
Score:
One for
the
Soviets
• USA spent
the 60s trying
to catch up to
the Soviets.
1963 – longest space
flight so far – 98hours
– Gemini 4
1966 – first orbital
docking of 2
spacecrafts in space
May 1969 – first
spacecraft to leave
earth’s orbit – Apollo
10
July 1969 – first moon
landing – Apollo 11 –
Neil Armstrong
1957 – First satellite in
space – Sputnik
1957 – First animal
(dog) in space
1961 – First human in
space – Yuri
Gagarin
1962 – the woman in
space – Valentina
Tereshkova
1962 – first space walk
– Alexi Leonov
It ended in 1975 when
a US spacecraft
docked with a Soviet
spacecraft and the
astronauts and
cosmonauts aboard
met each other in
space and exchanged
flags and gifts
Why was Sputnik a wake up call to the
United States?
• that the U.S. was falling behind
the Soviet Union in missile/space
technology.
•Distrust of one another led to espionage (spying)
•During WWII Stalin acquired top secret information
concerning the development of the Atomic Bomb at Los
Alamos, New Mexico. The Soviets has a spy working
covertly inside the laboratories.
•FBI along with British intelligence began questioning
Fuchs in 1949. He ultimately confessed and was convicted
of espionage in a two-day trial. He spent fourteen years in
prison. After his release, he moved to East Germany.
U-2 Affair
• Cold War tensions increased
when in 1960 the USSR shot
down a US spy plane over
Russia
• At first, the United States
government denied everything
• US was forced to admit when
the USSR produced its remains
(largely intact) and surviving
pilot
Why was the U2 Affair an embarrassment?
•We denied spying on the USSR yet they had
our pilot alive as proof
• The Berlin Wall was erected in the night of
August 13, 1961. To keep East Germans in.
• If communism was so great why did so many
East Germans try to flee
WEST: Prosperous,
helped by US, attracted
people from the East.
Seen by USSR as
infection in the heart of
Communist East
Germany.
EAST: Much less
prosperous and under
Communist control
Built in 1961
Berlin Wall
• Barbed wire fence
6 feet high
• Replaced with
concrete blocks
• 6ft high and 66
miles long
• 1962- a second
fence was added,
parallel to the first
one
• Area 100 yards
further in
• “Death Strip”- Area
between the 2 strips
• 1965- Concrete
slabs between
steel
• Concrete
Sewage pipe
on top
• 1975 new
concrete
segments
• 4.5 feet wide
• 12 feet high
Berlin opens in 1989
Wall torn down 1990
The tearing down of the Berlin Wall in 1989
and the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991
are two events that signaled the end of what?
• The End of the Cold War