Download Presentation Plus!

Ch 27 Sec 1: The Nixon Agenda
____________ - those Americans who were not protesting in
the streets or complaining about the government, and
Nixon felt that their voices were not being heard.
____________ - increasing the power of state and local
governments by providing direct federal money to them.
____________ - Nixon’s National Security Advisor who
suggested America to take a friendlier approach to the
Soviet Union and China in order to end the Vietnam War.
____________ - “peaceful coexistence” a relaxation of
tensions between the United States and communist nations
____________ - Strategic Arms Limitations Treaty between
the United States and Soviet Union that actually limited the
number of nuclear weapons produced
____________ - Nixon and Kissinger’s strategy of playing the
paranoia of the Soviet Union and China against one
another to get “a better deal” with each nation wanting to be
recognized as the leader of communism
Textbook Assignment (pp.832-837)
Section 1: The Nixon Agenda
1) What groups did President Nixon and Attorney
General John Mitchell want to establish “law
and order” with?
2) How did Nixon’s policy of détente differ from
the policies of previous Cold War presidents?
3) What did Nixon hope to achieve with his trip to
China?
4) Who did the United States make the SALT I
agreement with and what was its significance?
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the information.
Chapter Objectives
Section 1: The Nixon Agenda
• Describe Nixon’s domestic agenda.
• Discuss Nixon’s foreign policy achievements.
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the information.
Guide to Reading
Main Idea
President Nixon sought to restore law and order
and traditional values at home and to ease Cold
War tensions abroad.
Key Terms and Names
• Southern strategy
• Henry Kissinger
• revenue sharing
• détente
• impound
• summit
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the information.
Click the Speaker button
to listen to the audio again.
“Publicly, we say one thing….Actually, we
do another.”
- Richard Nixon
Appealing to Middle America
• Although many people were on the streets
protesting, Nixon was convinced many Americans
voices were not being heard.
• The 1968 Republican
presidential candidate,
Richard Nixon,
appealed to the people
whom he called “Silent
Majority”
• He promised them
peace in Vietnam, law
and order, a
streamlined
government, and a
return to conservative
values.
(pages 832–835)
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the information.
Appealing to Middle America (cont.)
• The Democratic nominee, Hubert Humphrey, and a
third party-candidate, George Wallace, could not
stop Nixon.
• He won, receiving 43.4 percent of the popular vote.
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the information.
Appealing to Middle America (cont.)
• Much of Nixon’s success in the election came from
the South.
• Nixon had promised to
appoint conservatives to
the federal courts, to
name a Southerner to the
Supreme Court, to
oppose court-ordered
busing, and to choose a
vice president acceptable
to the South.
• As a result, a large
number of white
Southerners left the
Democratic Party and
voted for Nixon.
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the information.
(pages 832–835)
Appealing to Middle America (cont.)
• After his election
victory, Nixon
began the
Southern
strategy to win
even more
Southerners to the
Republican Party.
• He took steps to slow
desegregation.
(pages 832–835)
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the information.
Appealing to Middle America (cont.)
• To keep his promise of law
and order, Nixon set out
to battle American crime.
Nixon criticized the
Supreme Court regarding
expanded rights for
accused criminals.
• When Supreme Court
Justice Earl Warren retired
Nixon appointed Warren
Burger as Chief Justice.
• He appointed several
conservative judges to the
Supreme Court, including
one from the South.
(pages 832–835)
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the information.
Appealing to Middle America (cont.)
• Nixon’s Republican leaders dismantled several
federal programs and gave more control to state and
local governments.
• Under Nixon’s New
Federalism program,
Congress passed a
series of revenuesharing bills that
provided federal funds to
state and local agencies.
• Intended to give state
and local agencies
increased power, it
actually led to a greater
dependency on federal
funds.
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the information.
(pages 832–835)
Appealing to Middle America (cont.)
• In 1969 Nixon proposed replacing the existing Aid to
Families with Dependant Children (AFDC) welfare
program with the Family Assistance Plan.
• The plan would give needy
families a guaranteed yearly
grant of $1,600 (equal to
$8,000 today).
• The program won House
approval but was later
defeated in the Senate.
(pages 832–835)
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the information.
Nixon’s Foreign Policy
• President Nixon’s administration focused mainly on
the subject of foreign affairs.
• Nixon chose
former Harvard
professor Henry
Kissinger as his
national security
adviser.
• Nixon and
Kissinger put their
foreign policy in
place and
attempted friendlier
relations with the
Soviet Union and
China.
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the information.
(pages 835–837)
Henry Kissinger and
his family fled Nazi
Germany in 1938. He
studied at Harvard
and later became a
professor there. In
1973 he shared the
Nobel Peace Prize
with North
Vietnamese leader
Le Duc Tho.
Ping-Pong Diplomacy In April 1971, nearly a year before President
Nixon made his historic trip there, Communist China welcomed a
different kind of U.S. delegation–the American ping-pong team. When
the team received their surprise invitation, Time magazine called it “the
ping-pong heard round the world.” The nine players, four officials, and
two spouses who arrived on the Chinese mainland were the first
Americans to enter China since the Communist takeover in 1949.
In another example of the continuing efforts to normalize relations with
China, Ling-Ling and Hsing-Hsing arrived at the National Zoo in 1972.
A gift from China, the rare giant pandas attracted visitors and
volunteers. In addition, the pair provided a wealth of scientific
knowledge about the endangered panda. Following the deaths of
Ling-Ling and Hsing-Hsing in 1992 and 1999, the National Zoo made
arrangements to borrow two new pandas from China. Tian-Tian and
Mei Xiang arrived in December 2000.
Nixon’s Foreign Policy (cont.)
• Nixon was anti-Communist but came to reject the
idea of a bipolar world with the United States and the
Soviet Union confronting each other.
• Nixon felt the “multipolar”
world would need a
different approach.
• With the help of
Kissinger, Nixon created
the approach of détente,
or relaxation of tensions
between the United
States and its two major
Communist rivals–the
Soviet Union and China.
(pages 835–837)
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the information.
Analyzing Visuals
Analyzing Political
Cartoons Study the
cartoon to the right.
What is the artist’s
message about the
impact of the arms
buildup on the
average citizen in
both the Soviet Union
and the United
States?
The arms race
burdened
citizens.
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the answer.
Nixon’s Foreign Policy (cont.)
• Nixon argued that the United States had to build a
better relationship with its rivals to ensure world
peace.
• To ease tensions with China, Nixon lifted trade
and travel restrictions and withdrew the Seventh
Fleet from defending Taiwan.
(pages 835–837)
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the information.
Nixon’s Foreign Policy (cont.)
• In February 1972, Nixon took a historic trip to China,
where both leaders agreed to better relations
between the nations.
(pages 835–837)
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the information.
Nixon’s Foreign Policy (cont.)
• After learning of the negotiations between the United
States and China, the Soviet Union suggested an
American-Soviet summit, or high-level diplomatic
meeting, in May 1972.
• Nixon became
the first
president since
World War II to
visit the Soviet
Union.
(pages 835–837)
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the information.
Nixon’s Foreign Policy (cont.)
• During the summit,
the countries signed
the first Strategic
Arms Limitation
Treaty (SALT I) to
limit nuclear arms.
• The countries agreed
to increase trade and
the exchange of
scientific information.
(pages 835–837)