Download Main ideas of his government

Goals 9 and 10
Review Lessons
Warren G. Harding
 Was president of the United States
for only 2 years.
 He succeeded President Wilson.
 His stated goal was for the United
States to Return to Normalcy
after a very costly world war.
 His openness and optimism was
appreciated by the nation.
 Unfortunately Harding was in very
poor health unbeknownst to him.
 He died in the middle of a
conversation with his wife.
 It was most likely a heart attack or
stroke.
Harding Administration Scandals
 Unfortunately before President Harding died several corruption scandals
were uncovered that embarrassed the government.
 The first was the Forbes Scandal when an army colonel was accused of
selling scarce medical supplies from Veterans’ hospitals and keeping the
cash.
 The worst scandal was the Tea Pot Dome scandal which involved
Albert Fall the Secretary of the Interior being bribed with $300,000 to
allow American oil companies to drill in Wyoming at a U.S. Navy oil
reserve.
Calvin Coolidge
 President of the United States for 7
years.
 He finished Harding’s term then was
re-elected.
 He was known as a “friend to
business” because of his Laissez Faire
policies.
 Many people because of his economic
views the United States headed
toward a reckless financial path.
Herbert Hoover
 Hoover was elected president in 1928. He believed in Laissez-Faire economics
[limited regulation].
 Without strict regulation banks and investment houses lent money to people
who could not repay loans.
 Stock brokers [people who sell stocks] allowed investors to buy on margin
[buy stocks now and pay for them later].
 When stock dropped in value investors could not repay and banks went out of
business. Thousands of people lost their life savings.
 People move into shack towns called Hoovervilles.
Black Tuesday
 Prices of stocks started to plunge in value in October of 1929.
 Bad loans that were not repaid and speculation [rumors] led
to a furious sell off of stocks and the U.S. Stock dropped in
value by more than half.
 Most people lost their life savings. Many people
committed suicide.
Hawley-Smoot Tariff
 Many U.S. businesses believed it was best to protect American markets buy
having high tariffs [taxes on foreign imported goods].
 As a result of corporate pressure the Hawley-Smoot Tariff raised the
average tariff rate to the highest point in U.S. history.
 In retaliation foreign countries raised their tariffs and as result American
exports plunged and domestic companies suffered as did the U.S. economy.
U.S. Senators Willis
Hawley and Reed
Smoot
Direct Relief
 Millions of U.S. citizens pleaded with local and state governments for
financial assistance.
 Bread and soup lines streamed down city streets throughout the United
States.
 Local and state governments quickly ran out of funds to handle the crisis.
 Finally in 1932 outgoing President Herbert Hoover signed the Emergency
Relief and Construction Act which provided direct relief financially for
citizens by creating public works jobs [usually construction] and emergency
loans.
Some economic causes of the Great Depression
 Easy Credit-During the “roaring 20s” many banks and financial institutions
gave credit and loans to people who were not really able to pay it back. These
loans were very risky.
 Overproduction-Many companies were manufacturing an over supply of
goods that inevitably forced prices to plunge.
 Installment Plan-People who bought goods on credit paid their loans in
installments [separate payments over time ]. The problem with this was that
people had no money to buy other goods. Therefore, businesses suffered and
laid off workers.
The Misery of the Great Depression
 Hoovervilles-Towns where entire villages of shacks were built by people
who lost their homes.
 Soup Kitchens-Locations where poor, hungry people could receive free
hot soup from churches and relief agencies.
 Bread lines-Locations where poor, hungry people could receive bread
that was often hard and stale. The lines were usually very long.
The Bonus Army
 Discharged World War I veterans were also suffering from the effects of
the Great Depression.
 They were promised cash bonuses by 1945 after WWI but they wanted
them early.
 In the summer of 1932 43,000 men [17,000 veterans] marched on
Washington, D.C. and camped out until they received pay.
 The protestors were forced to leave but given jobs in the C.C.C. and given
early payments in 1936 by President Roosevelt.
The Dust Bowl
 During the 1930s there were prolonged droughts that devastated farmers’
crops on the Midwest.
 Farmers were unable to repay their loans and most of them had land
foreclosed.
 Farmers were forced to move elsewhere for better opportunities.
 The suffering was described in John Steinbeck’s novel about the Dust
Bowl the Grapes of Wrath.
Jazz: An original American creation
 Jazz music is the first popular music
created in the United States.
 The music style was a combination
of African originated music and
Ragtime music.
 The music style is well known for
encouraging improvisation [loose
note structure where musicians can
play whichever notes they wish
without following sheet music].
 Perhaps the most famous and
popular Jazz musician of the early
1900s was Louis Armstrong who
was most well known for playing the
trumpet and occasionally.
Silent Films and Talkies
 During the late 1800s motion pictures
were made in both the Europe and the
United States.
 In the early 1900s popular motion
picture [movie] stars acted in silent
films which did not have speaking
audio.
 All dialogue was conveyed using sub
titles.
 Dramatic music played by orchestras
provided sound to portray emotion.
Sadness was conveyed usually with a
slow violin.
 In 1927 the first full length talkie
[integrated spoken audio] titled the Jazz
Singer starred Al Jolson who was a
famous Vaudeville stage actor.
Film audio
Famous American Writers
 Many American writers during the 1920s wrote about their frustration and
disillusionment with the Great War and its devastating effects.
 Some writers even left the United States for years and became known as
members of the Lost Generation [Ernest Hemingway was one of these he
authored novels such the Old Man and the Sea.
 F. Scott Fitzgerald, author of the Great Gatsby, wrote about the excesses of
rich New Yorkers.
 Sinclair Lewis criticized what he thought was the silliness of small town life.
The Battle Over Prohibition
 The 18th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was passed in 1919 to
prohibit the manufacture, sale and use of alcoholic beverages.
 People all over the United States still wanted to drink alcoholic beverages
such as gin, whiskey and beer.
 Bootleggers distilled [made] liquor and beer secretly in basement or on
rural farms and sold it to speakeasies [secret, private bars] and private
citizens for consumption.
The Great Bambino
 A former juvenile delinquent from
Maryland named George Herman
Ruth captured the imagination of the
nation in the 1910s.
 Babe Ruth, as he became called, was
signed to a professional baseball
contract out of a reform school for
incorrigible kids.
 He was originally a pitcher for the
Boston Red Sox won multiple World
Series titles but showed so much
power as a hitter that he became a full
time hitter [outfielder].
 His towering home runs were
unusual because before him
homeruns were rare. He was adored
by American fans and won several
championships with the New York
Yankees.
Charles Lindbergh the aviator
 On May 21, 1927 Charles Lindbergh
became the first person to successfully
fly across the Atlantic Ocean.
 Few people believed he could
accomplish the air voyage. The flight
took 33.5 hours.
 He left from Long Island, N.Y. and
landed in Paris, France.
 For the rest of his life he promoted
commercial aviation.
Automobiles changed America
 After Henry Ford’s Model T was invented and mass
produced people who could afford them had their
lives totally transformed.
 People had more freedom and were much more
mobile.
The Radio
 When F.D.R. was governor of New York state and he faced a Republican
majority opposition in the legislature he decided to speak directly to voters
using the radio.
 When he became President of United States he gave speeches he named his
fireside chats because they were given at night when citizens were in their
living rooms sitting by their fireplaces.
 The speeches were usually about very important national issues such as
taxes, legislation and World War II.
Marketing and Advertising
 Despite the depressed and struggling economy of the 1930s American
businesses and corporations were very imaginative and creative .
 Advertisements were posted on printed billboards and in radio
advertisements for broadcast over the airwaves so millions of people
could be persuaded to buy the products ranging from cigarettes to
pharmaceuticals.
Race and Racial Conflicts
 After the Civil War the
K.K.K. [Ku Klux Klan] was
formed by Southern whites
who were angry over the
federal government’s reversal
of slavery.
 The KKK was a white
supremacist group that used
terror to strike fear in the
hearts of Americans.
 The KKK terrorized blacks
throughout the South and
Midwest.
Harlem Renaissance
 During the 1920s and 1930s Harlem, New York City became a majority
black neighborhood.
 Several artists [musicians and writers] became well known such as
Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston and Duke Ellington.
 Ellington was Jazz pianist and composer who gained world fame and
acceptance from whites.
 Hurston had been a house maid and janitor but was later recognized
for her famous novel Their Eyes Were Watching God.
 Hughes an openly gay man became a well known poet.
Race and Racial Conflicts
 In 1905 the NAACP [National Association for the Advancement of Colored
People] was established to fight for the legal rights and protections of black
people in the United States.
 Jim Crow laws limited the freedoms and opportunities of blacks and this
organization wrote articles and lobbied legislatures to rid the nation of
institutional racism.
 The well known black intellectual W.E.B. Du Bois, who was the first person to
receive a Ph. D from Harvard University, was a founding member of the group.
Race and Racial Conflicts

An immigrant form Jamaica named
Marcus Garvey was trained as a printer in
his homeland and later traveled throughout
Latin America and worked for different
newspapers.

When he lived in New York City he became a
successful businessman and started the
Black Star Line in 1919 [black owned
cruise ship company] that lasted only 3 years
because of poor financial management and
F.B.I. sabotage.

He was well known for starting the Back to
Africa Movement that encouraged blacks
to unite and return to a more free Africa in
countries like Liberia.
He also created a group called the U.N.I.A.
[United Negro Improvement Association]
that encouraged blacks to become better
trained, better educated so they could be
self-sufficient.


Garvey was later convicted of mail fraud by
the federal government and deported to
Jamaica in 1927 where he later died.
1924 Native American Suffrage Act
 Voting rights were granted by the
federal government to Native
Americans in 1924.
 However, many states passed laws
to deny Native Americans suffrage.
 It wasn’t until 1948 that full
suffrage rights were granted to all
Native Americans.
The Tragedy of Sacco and Vanzetti
 Two Italian immigrants who lived on Massachusetts were arrested for the
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armed robbery and murder of two men.
Bartolomeo Venzetti and Nicola Sacco were the suspects arrested.
Both men were admitted anarchists.
Local police had been investigating anarchists and their anti-government
activities arrested Sacco and Venzetti on May 5, 1920 both armed with
pistols.
There were tremendous doubts about the evidence against the 2 men but
they were convicted of all charges. All subsequent appeals went against
the men.
Sacco and Venzetti were executed on August 23, 1927 despite popular
protests.
Controversial Religious Figures
 Former Major League Baseball
player Billy Sunday was the most
popular evangelist [someone who
travels and preaches] during the
1910s and 1920s.
 He preached Hellfire and
Damnation to crowds of
thousands of people throughout the
nation.
 He earned millions of dollars
preaching at a time when most
Americans were flat broke.
 The expansion of radio and its
programs decreased his popularity.
Aimee Semple McPherson
 Aimee Semple McPherson ne of the most popular female evangelists in
U.S. history.
 From California she founded the Four Square Church that focused on
the Rapture.
 Through radio programs McPherson warned people they needed to be
prepared for Jesus’ return.
The John T. Scopes “Monkey” Trial
 In 1925 a high school biology teacher in Tennessee was encouraged to teach a lesson
on Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution based on a chapter in the science text book.
 He was arrested for breaking the Butler Act which prohibited teaching evolution.
The law was an example of legislation based on religious fundamentalism.
 Scopes took the charges to trial and he was “prosecuted” by former U.S. Senator
William Jennings Bryan. His defense attorney was famous lawyer Clarence Darrow.
 After lots of court room theatrics Scopes was convicted and fined $100.
Gender Controversies
 During the 1920s many women throughout the United States decided to
challenge established acceptable behaviors.
 Women who dressed in skimpy, short skirts revealing most of their legs
became known as Flappers. The term is related to prostitution.
 These women were often considered “slutty” because of their fashion
choices and loose attitudes about sex, smoking and alcohol consumption.
Margaret Sanger
 Sanger was a devout Catholic
woman from New York state in
during the late 1800s and early
1900s.
 She was an advocate of sex
education and birth control. She
was a founder of the American
Birth Control League which
sought to provide women with
information and options for
pregnancies.
 She was met with extreme
opposition by the government and
religious fundamentalists.
 She was always imperiled by the
strict Comstock Law of 1873.
The New Deal
 After his election as president of the
United States in 1932 F.D.R.
introduced a plan [legislative Agenda]
to return the nation to prosperity
called the New Deal.
 President Franklin Roosevelt’s New
Deal sought to repair the nation’s
economy and image by using the
Three Rs:
 Relief
 Recovery
 Reform
 All of F.D.R.’s programs from 1933-
1936 were intended to support his New
Deal.
Domestic Problems in need repair
 F.D.R. needed to spend tax money to
improve the lives of U.S. citizens.
 When there was little money the U.S.
had to borrow money in the form
of bonds from citizens.
 When a government spends more
money then it takes in its called
deficit spending.
 There were also millions of elderly
people who had their life savings
wiped out by the Great Depression.
The Social Security Act was
passed in 1935 to provide modest
pensions [monetary retirement
payments] to people over 65 years of
age.
F.D.R.’s Progressivist Legislation
 Agricultural Adjustment Act-Farmers were encouraged to destroy their
crops or simply not grow their crops to lower the supply thereby raising the
market price.
 National Industrial Recovery Act-this law relaxed the regulations on
businesses that were related to the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. The N.R.A.
[National Recovery Administration] was told to post the Blue Eagle on
their windows and doors. The federal government gave incentives to people
who bought from companies who cooperated.
 National Labor Relations Act [Wagner Act]-this law gave the right to
collectively bargain to unions.
 Fair Labor Standards Act-this law guaranteed a minimum wages of
$.40 an hour, guaranteed overtime pay [time and a half], and most child
labor.
Federal Government Agencies
 F.D.I.C. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation-fed agency created to
guarantee the deposits [savings] of each bank account holder up to
$100,000.
 T.V.A. Tennessee Valley Authority-federally sponsored electric company
that produced very low cost electricity for the Southeastern United States.
Also provided were construction and service jobs for thousands of American
workers.
 W.P.A. Works Progress Administration-fed agency that employed unskilled
workers who built parks and other public projects. Similar to the P.W.A.
Leaders during the New Deal Era
 Huey P. Long-a governor and U.S senator from Louisiana from 1928-1935
he was avowed advocate of the poor and disadvantaged. His policies such as
the Share Our Wealth program sought to limit the wealth of the richest
U.S. citizens with progressive income taxes in order to fund the standard of
living for the poorest Americans.
 Father Charles Coughlin [speech on Youtube]-was a Detroit area
Catholic priest who criticized F.D.R.’s New Deal Programs as not going far
enough to help the poor and that the president was too close to Wall Street
bankers.
 Frances Perkins-the first female member of a president’s cabinet. As
Secretary of Labor she championed the central New Deal programs such as
the Minimum Wage, Social Security Act and Public Works Administration.
Benito Mussolini
 Italy was led by Benito
Mussolini [president] for
about 22 years.
 Leader of Italy’s Fascist
party.
 Main ideas of his
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government:
Extreme nationalism
Strong military
Against personal freedom
Against big business
Adolf Hitler
 Germany was lead by Adolf
Hitler [Fuehrer] for about 12
years.
 Leader of Germany’s Nazi party.
 Main ideas of his
government:
 white supremacy
 Strong military
 Control of Central Europe
 Elimination of Jews
The Third Reich
 The 12 year period from 1933-
1945 was called the 3rd Reich
during Hitler’s leadership.
 The Nazi Party attempted to
pattern itself after the great
episodes in German history.
 The government was
responsible the invasion and
destruction of Europe and the
mass murder of millions of Jews
in Eastern Europe.
Countries and their leaders
 Japan was led by Emperor
Hirohito for about 20 years.
 Absolute Monarch of Japan.
 Main ideas of his
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government:
Modern version of ancient
Japan.
Held absolute control over
people’s lives.
Viciously loyal military.
Wanted control over fellow
oriental Asians [China and
Korea].
Munich Pact [Munich Agreement]
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European countries became nervous over Germany’s invasions.
England’s Prime Minister [before Churchill] met with Hitler.
What did Hitler tell him?
Czechoslovakia was all he wanted and no one else had to be
worried.
Josef Stalin
 The Soviet Union was led by
Josef Stalin [Communist
party leader] for about 30 years.
 Leader of the Communist
party.
 Main ideas of his
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government:
Control every portion of
people’s lives.
Strong military.
Have equality among regular
people.
No private businesses for profit.
Winston Churchill
 Great Britain was led by
Winston Churchill
[Prime Minister] for about
10 years.
 Prime Minister of England.
 Main ideas of his
government:
 England must be a strong
leader in the world.
 Government must help
people succeed.
 England must cooperate
with its fellow countries.
Kellogg-Briand Pact

In 1928 the United States and France [England, Japan, Italy and Germany also
joined the pact] initiated a peace agreement to renounce [reject or avoid]
aggression. Frank B. Kellogg was the U.S. Secretary of State and Aristide
Briand was the French foreign minister.

Despite the agreement to not engage in unprovoked warfare Germany, Italy
and Germany all violated the agreement and invaded other countries.

Violations of this “pact” was the source of future prosecutions for war crimes
after World War II ended.
Neutrality Acts

The United States, led by F.D.R., decided it was best to remain
isolationist as much as possible.

However, the U.S. did provide opportunities for foreign nations to trade
with it. The U.S. passed so-called Neutrality Acts in 1935, 1936, 1937
and 1939.

Weapons and supplies were sold to European nations friendly to the
United States.
President Franklin Roosevelt’s Quarantine’s Speech

F.D.R. believed it was in the United
States’ best interest to avoid nations
that were involved in aggression
towards other nations.

F.D.R. did not mention specific
nations but it was obvious he was
talking about Italy, Japan and
Germany who had attacked other
nations in Asia and Europe.

The speech raised tension between
the U.S. and the aggressor nations.
Non-Aggression Pact [Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact

This was a pledge [promise] by
Germany and the Soviet Union
to remain neutral if either country
was attacked by another country.

The pact was signed on August
23, 1939 but was violated by
Germany on June 22, 1941 after
it invaded the Soviet Union.

Unfortunately due to very harsh
weather the German invasion
ended in disaster with heavy
casualties and surrenders.
Four Freedoms

F.D.R. delivered a State of the Union
Address [Youtube speech] on January 6,
1941 about what he called the Four
Freedoms.

Roosevelt told Congress that he looked
forward to a word founded on:
[1] Freedom of speech and expression
[2] Freedom of worship [religion]
[3] Freedom from want [basic standard of
living is met]
[4] Freedom from fear based on reduced
military armaments
Lend-Lease Act of 1941
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In order to avoid conflict and remain a non-combatant F.D.R. tried to comply
with the Neutrality Acts he decided to limit involvement to lending military
equipment and lending money to foreign nations.
The legislation raised German suspicions toward the U.S. and it stepped up
U-boat attacks on Allied ships.
After the war the U.S. received returned equipment and discounted by 90%
money it lent to foreign nations.
Japan’s Aggression at Pearl Harbor

On December 7, 1941 Japan
attacked the U.S. Naval base
at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.

The attack was done using war
planes.

Attack was a near total
surprise but killed over 2,000
U.S. servicemen.

F.D.R. called the day one “that
would live in infamy.”

The United States declared
war against the Axis powers
days after.
Manhattan Project

In 1941 the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers started a top secret
program to create a weapon of mass destruction.

The program was code named Manhattan.

Scientists from countries such as Italy, Germany, Austria and the
U.S. were able to enrich uranium and plutonium.
The process was based on atomic chain reactions which massive
amounts of energy to release.


The weapon became known as the atomic bomb.
The United States Strikes Back!

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
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

Within three days of each other
the United States dropped two
atomic bombs.
Code names were Fat man
and Little Boy
First one on Hiroshima, Japan.
Second one on Nagasaki,
Japan.
At least 80,000 killed instantly.
Many more died due to
radiation poison later on.
Berlin Airlift
 The Soviets challenged Truman’s containment and occasionally test
the United States.
 Best example of this was Stalin’s blockade of West Berlin in 1948.
 Truman was forced to fly in food, fuel and supplies for West
Germans cut off by the Soviets.
 More than 277,000 flights dropped off 2 million tons of supplies.
The Marshall Plan
 Former World War II army general,
George Marshall, became Truman’s
Secretary of State after the war
 He designed the Marshall Plan to
rebuild Europe.
 Offered money, equipment, food,
machines and workers
 Purpose?
 Fix damage caused by WWII
Truman Doctrine
 FDR died in 1945
 Vice President Harry Truman took
over and decided “stop babying”
the Soviets.
 Truman began of policy of
containment.
 This meant keeping the Soviets
from spreading communism to
other countries.
An Iron Curtain Has Descended…
 The allied powers split up
and Russia became an
“enemy” of the United
States.
 Germany was split into two
separate countries creating
the Berlin Wall
 In a speech at an American
College Winston Churchill
described the spread by
saying “it appears an iron
curtain has descended over
Eastern Europe.”
 Japan was occupied by the
United States and was not
allowed to have a military.
C.I.A. [Central Intelligence Agency]
 In 1947 the C.I.A. [Central
Intelligence Agency] was created
with funding from the National
Security Act.
 The mission of the C.I.A. was and
remains to acquire intelligence in
order to detect foreign threats
against the U.S.
 Intelligence is generally acquired
via clandestine [secret] means
using espionage [spying].
U.S.-U.S.S.R. Relations: U-2 incident
 To gain information on the
other side espionage was
practiced.
 The U.S. sent countless
aerial spy missions using
U-2 spy planes.
 In 1960 an American U-2
was shot down over Soviet
territory.
 The U.S. pilot, Gary
Powers, was jailed for
nearly 2 years.
U.S.-U.S.S.R. Relations
 Threats of war from both sides were
constant.
 Both sides tested each other
occasionally with minor challenges to
see what the other would do.
 At other times the challenges were
great.

In the face of challenges important
decisions had to occur.
 Should we use nuclear force?
 These type of “battles” were called
brinkmanship.
 Forcing the other side to the
“brink” of war.
Bay of Pigs Invasion
In April of 1961 a secret C.I.A.
sponsored mission to overthrow Cuban
Communist leader Fidel Castro was
defeated by Cuban forces.
Castro soon after sought the protection
of the Soviet Union.
Korematsu vs. United States:1944 [Opposition to Japanese Internment]
Facts of the Case:
Supreme Court’s Ruling:
President Franklin Roosevelt issued an
Executive Order excluding/removing all
Japanese-Americans from the West Coast
of the United States. After the 1941
Japanese attack on the U.S.
Japanese-Americans were forced to sell
their homes and businesses. They were
then relocated to “internment camps” in
Arizona, New Mexico and Texas.
Many Japanese-Americans had been in the
U.S. for several generations and almost all
were natural born citizens.
Many sued to be released but all failed in
their appeals. Fred Korematsu sued for his
release and was granted appeal in 1944.
Constitutional Issue:
Was the executive order issued by the
President allowable and within his
power?
Were Japanese-Americans treated
unfairly during a time of war?
The opinion determined that as Commander in Chief
the president had the duty, power and responsibility to
use his judgment to determine how to handle war time
emergencies so the “temporary” relocation was not
considered a violation of Korematsu’s rights.
Rosie the Riveter
 During World War II with most men overseas
fighting the Axis Powers many women worked
industrial factory jobs to produce war supplies.
 The manual labor that women performed was much
different than the stereotypical domestic and
clerical work many women were accustomed to.
 There contributions to the war effort was essential
to the U.S. victory. “Rosie the Riveter” became an
iconic image used as propaganda to motivate
women to perform non-traditional factory jobs.
W.A.C.s [Women’s Army Corps]
 Beginning in 1942 an all female
U.S. army unit called the Women’s
Army Corps was formed and given
full active status in 1943.
 The unit performed support role
such as air traffic control for the
U.S. Army Air Corps [forerunner
of the Air Force].
 There was significant opposition to
the female service personnel by
traditionalists therefore a female
draft was never begun.
 General McArthur called the
WACs his best soldiers because
they were worked harder,
complained less, and had more
discipline than men.
G.I. Bill [Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944
 After victory over Germany
was assured in Europe at the
end of WWII.
 Congress passed legislation
granted veterans to paid
tuition for vocational [job]
training or college/university
tuition in 1944.
 The goal of the program was
to ease the transition [reentry] into civilian life. The
program was also seen as a
measure of re-payment for
servicemen’s sacrifices.
Levittown, New York
 Housing developer William Levitt built several planned suburban housing
developments on Long Island, New York from 1947-1951.
 Previously, homes and buildings had been built over time as needs arose and
economic shifts occurred.
 Since many returning G.I.s [military servicemen] wanted to start families and
careers there was a huge demand for housing in cities throughout the U.S.
 Levittown’s pre-planned community design served as the model for future
development.
Baby Boomers
 During the post WWII period from
1946-1964 more than 78 million people
were born in the United States.
 The so-called Baby Boom was the
result an unprecedented period of
peace, prosperity and economic
expansion.
 Favorable domestic economic
conditions lead to huge population
increases that created greater demands
for housing, schools and public
services within the United States.
 As these citizens age the stress on the
Social Security and Medicare system
will only increase.
Image Sources
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