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What were the causes, course and consequences
of the War of 1812? How did the War of 1812
prove the United States was a legitimate Nation?
The Battle of New Orleans
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The Battle of New Orleans
What were the causes, course and consequences of the
War of 1812? How did the War of 1812 prove the United
States was a legitimate Nation?
• “Many nations have gone to war in pure
gayety of heart, but perhaps the United
States were first to force themselves
into a war they dreaded, in the hope that
the war itself might create the sprit they
lacked.”
» Henry Adams
What were the causes, course and consequences of the
War of 1812? How did the War of 1812 prove the United
States was a legitimate Nation?
• Cause:
– Napoleonic Wars (1799-1815)
• Great Britain & France’s violation of U.S.
neutrality in the Napoleonic Wars.
• Impressments on the high seas.
Causes: What causes People
and Nations to fight with one
another?
There is rarely one single cause for conflict. Most often
Conflict is a result of a variety of causes.
– 5. Issues of Justice &
– 1. Colonialism
Assertion of “Rights”
– 2. Poor Governance
– 6. An Individual with
– 3. Societal & Cultural
an Agenda.
Organizations
• Unmet Human Needs
– 7. Views of War &
• Religious & Political
Conflict
Organizations
– 4. Scarcity of
Resources
• Belief that violence and
warfare are INHERENT
in human nature.
Causes: Scarcity of Resources
• Conflict arises when people compete for
the same natural resources (cultivable
land, fresh water).
Causes: Issues of Justice &
Assertion of “Rights”
• The desire for justice is one that people tend to be
unwilling to compromise.
• When people believe that they or others have
been treated unfairly, they may resort to Conflict.
• People may come to view conflict as the only way
to address the injustice they have suffered and
ensure that their fundamental needs are met.
• Human rights violations are often the cause of
conflict.
• Violations of political, religious and economic rights
are the root causes of many conflicts
What were the causes, course and consequences of the
War of 1812? How did the War of 1812 prove the United
States was a legitimate Nation?
• Cause:
– U.S. desire for free trade
• Embargo Act
– Definition: Law passed by Congress and signed by President
Thomas Jefferson in 1807. This law stopped all trade between
America and any other country. The goal was to get Britain and
France, who were fighting each other at the time, to stop restricting
American trade. The Act backfired, and the American people
suffered. The Act was ended in 1809.
• Non-Intercourse Act
– Definition: Replaced the Embargo Act. Forbade direct American
trade with European belligerents. It was used as a coercive
measure to deprive France and England of the American
commercial market until they resolved their economic warfare and
returned to neutral trade policies.
What were the causes, course and consequences of the
War of 1812? How did the War of 1812 prove the United
States was a legitimate Nation?
• Cause: Expansionism
– British desire to stop U.S. expansion into the West.
– War Hawks wanted Canada
• Republican House led by Henry Clay
– Natives wanted to stop American expansionism
• Tecumseh Confederacy
Cause: An Individual with an
Agenda.
• Conflict can be created by one individual
with an Agenda.
• One individual can manipulate people,
events and the media to create Conflict
• Individuals are often Political leaders but
not always
What were the causes, course and consequences of the
War of 1812? How did the War of 1812 prove the United
States was a legitimate Nation?
What were the causes, course and consequences of the
War of 1812? How did the War of 1812 prove the United
States was a legitimate Nation?
•
Course:
•
Course:
–
Battle to control the St. Lawrence Sea
Way
–
By Land
•
Alliance of Tecumseh confederacy &
British regulars.
–
–
Battle of Detroit (Tecumseh)
Americans fled Ft. Dearborn led by
William Wells, attacked by Tecumseh’s
warriors, (revenge for the Battle of Fallen
Timbers-1794), 54 men, 9 women and 12
children were killed. Wells heart pulled
from his body and eaten by the Indians.
“Tecumseh was one of those uncommon geniuses
which spring up occasionally to produce revolution
and overturn the established order of things”
William Henry Harrison
• “We should have to fight hereafter
not for ‘free trade and sailors rights,’
not for the Conquest of the
Canadas, but for our national
Existence.
»
Joseph H. Nicholson to the Secretary of the Navy, William Jones, May 1814
Course:
–
Battle to control the St. Lawrence Sea
Way
–
By Land
•
In retaliation the Americans burnt the
capitol of upper Canada (York)
“Push on brave York Volunteers”
Commander Brock while dyeing at the battle of York
•
Course:
–
The Battle to control the St. Lawrence Sea Way
–
On Water
•
•
The Battle of the Great Lakes (Lake Erie & Lake Ontario)
America defeated the British Navy controlled the St. Lawrence Sea
Way /No. Mississippi
–
–
Oliver Hazard Perry (Lake Erie)
Thomas Macdonough (Lake Champlain)
“We have met
the enemy and
they are ours.”
Oliver Hazard Perry
What were the causes, course and consequences of the
War of 1812? How did the War of 1812 prove the United
States was a legitimate Nation?
•
Course:
– British Naval Blockade of
American Ports
– Burn and Destroy along
Atlantic Sea Board
•
•
•
•
New England villages
Hartford Convention
Washington D.C.
Baltimore
–
Francis Scott Key
“Huzzah my boys, her sides
are made of iron”
Oh say can you see by the dawn's early light
What so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming?
Whose broad stripes and bright stars through the perilous fight,
O'er the ramparts we watched were so gallantly streaming?
And the rockets' red glare, the bombs bursting in air,
Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there.
O! say does that star-spangled banner yet wave
O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave?
On the shore, dimly seen through the glass of the deep,
Where the foe's haughty host in dread silence reposes,
What is that which the breeze, o'er the towering steep,
As it fitfully blows, half conceals, half discloses?
Now it catches the gleam of the morning's first beam,
In full glory reflected now shines in the stream:
'Tis the star-spangled banner! Oh long may it wave
O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave.
What were the causes, course and consequences of the
War of 1812? How did the War of 1812 prove the United
States was a legitimate Nation?
•
Course:
– Battle on the Western
Frontier
•
Red Sticks War (Creek Civil
War)
– Battle of Horseshoe Bend
What were the causes, course and consequences of the
War of 1812? How did the War of 1812 prove the United
States was a legitimate Nation?
“If I had known that Jackson would drive
us from our homes, I would have
killed him that day at the Horseshoe”
Cherokee Chief Junaluska,
who fought along side
Jackson with 500 warriors.
What were the causes, course and consequences of the
War of 1812? How did the War of 1812 prove the United
States was a legitimate Nation?
•
Course:
– Battle of New Orleans
•
Fought after the treaty was signed, to control
So. Mississippi. Clear American victory,
What were the causes, course and consequences of the
War of 1812? How did the War of 1812 prove the United
States was a legitimate Nation?
•
“For the United States, the triumph of Andrew
Jackson’s roughshod collection of army
regulars, backwoods militia, and bayou pirates
over the elite of the British Empire came to fill a
huge void in the American psyche- not only
propelling Jackson to the presidency, but
affirming America on the course that would
extend its borders to the Pacific.”
»
Walter R. Borneman
What were the causes, course and consequences of the
War of 1812? How did the War of 1812 prove the United
States was a legitimate Nation?
•
Course:
– Treaty of Ghent
•
•
Signed Dec 24, 1814 (negotiated by John
Quincy Adams) in Belgium
Agreed to end the war. Establish America as
an independent Nation
What were the causes, course and consequences of the
War of 1812? How did the War of 1812 prove the United
States was a legitimate Nation?
• Consequences
What were the causes, course and consequences of the
War of 1812? How did the War of 1812 prove the United
States was a legitimate Nation?
• Watch the War of 1812
• “The First Invasion”
Beginning through end of
Battle of Fort McHenry & Star
Spangled Banner. Disc 1: 1
hour & 1 minute
• “The Battle of New Orleans”
Disc 2: 44 minutes