Download Philippines

Philippines
The Philippine Islands
and Proximity to China
Philippines
AIM: Did the U.S. interfere with the Philippines out of principle or
power?
Vocabulary:
•White Man’s Burden (Rudyard Kipling)
•Anti-Imperialism League
•Taft-Katsura Agreement (1905) – Japan recognized U.S. control over
the Philippines and the U.S. recognized Japan’s control over Korea.
(after Japan was unhappy w/ U.S. interference in Russo-Japanese
War treaty that left Japan with only modest gains, even though it was
the victor!
•Root-Takahira Agreement (1908) – Seeking to improve relations with
one another, they promised to preserve China’s independence,
support the Open Door policy, and recognize each other’s
possessions in the Pacific.
• The Jones Law – enacted by the 64th Congress of the U.S. in
August 1916, contained the first formal and official
declaration of the U.S. commitment to grant independence to
the Philippines. The law provides a grant of independence
would come only “as soon as a stable government can be
established,” which gave the U.S. government the power to
determine when this “stable government” has been achieved.
Broad domestic autonomy, while reserving privileges for the
U.S. to protect its sovereign rights and interests.
• Tydings-McDuffy Act – provided for Philippine selfgovernment and for Filipino independence from the U.S. after
a period of ten years.
Essential Questions:
1. Should the United States have pursued a
policy of expansion in Asia?
1. Was the U.S. in the Philippines for
humanitarian reasons or for American gain?
1. How do Japan and China fit into the fight for
the Philippines?
The Philippine Islands
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7,000 Islands!!!!! (more than!)
Land Area- 114,830 square miles
Distance from China- 688 miles
Chief products: rice; corn; coconut;
sugar cane; tobacco; timber; copper;
gold; silver; iron; lead
WHITE MAN’S BURDEN
In February 1899, British novelist and poet Rudyard Kipling wrote a
poem entitled “The White Man’s Burden: The United States and
The Philippine Islands.” In this poem, Kipling urged the U.S. to take
up the “burden” of empire, as had Britain and other European
nations. Published in the February, 1899 issue of McClure ’ s
Magazine, the poem coincided with the beginning of the PhilippineAmerican War and U.S. Senate ratification of the treaty that placed
Puerto Rico, Guam, Cuba, and the Philippines under American
control. Theodore Roosevelt, soon to become vice-president and
then president, copied the poem and sent it to his friend, Senator
Henry Cabot Lodge, commenting that it was “rather poor poetry,
but good sense from the expansion point of view.” Not everyone
was as favorably impressed as Roosevelt. The racialized notion of
the “White Man’s burden” became a euphemism for imperialism,
and many anti-imperialists couched their opposition in reaction to
the phrase.
WHITE MAN’S BURDEN
By Rudyard Kipling
Take up the White Man’s burden—
Send forth the best ye breed—
Go send your sons to exile
To serve your captives' need
To wait in heavy harness
On fluttered folk and wild—
Your new-caught, sullen peoples,
Half devil and half child
The War
and the
Media
Casualties
American Casualties
during the
American-Philippine
War
Filipinos during the
AmericanPhilippine War
5,000 Deaths
20,000 Filipino
soldiers killed
200,000 Filipino
civilians killed
Savage Acts (documentary)
• War ended by Roosevelt but U.S. continued to
put down insurgents for another 10 years.
• Philippine revolutionaries thought the U.S.
would support their efforts for independence
but instead sought to “civilize” them.
• Filipinos at the Chicago World’s Fair (1893)
and St. Lewis World’s Fair (1904) – among
others such as Bedouins, Native Americans,
Africans.