Download Organ Systems

Organ Systems
of the Body
Copyright © 2004. Mosby Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Slide 0
Definitions and Concepts
• Organ—a structure made up of two or
more kinds of tissues organized in such a
way that they can together perform a
more complex function than can any
tissue alone
• Organ system—a group of organs
arranged in such a way that they can
together perform a more complex
function than can any organ alone
Copyright © 2004. Mosby Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Slide 1
Definitions and Concepts
• A knowledge of individual organs
and how they are organized into
groups makes more meaningful
the understanding of how a
particular organ system functions
as a whole
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Slide 2
Organ Systems
• Integumentary system
 Structure—organs
 Skin
 Hair
 Nails
 Sense receptors
 Sweat glands
 Oil glands
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Slide 3
Organ Systems
 Functions
 Protection
 Regulation of body
temperature
 Synthesis of chemicals
 Sense organ
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Slide 4
Organ Systems
• Skeletal system
 Structure
 Bones
 Joints
 Functions
 Support
 Movement (with joints and muscles)
 Storage of minerals
 Blood cell formation
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Slide 5
Organ Systems
• Muscular system
 Structure
 Muscles
o Voluntary or striated
o Involuntary or smooth
o Cardiac
 Functions
 Movement
 Maintenance of body posture
 Production of heat
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Slide 6
Organ Systems
• Nervous system
 Structure
 Brain
 Spinal cord
 Nerves
 Sense organs
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Slide 7
Organ Systems
 Function
 Communication
 Integration
 Control
 Recognition of sensory stimuli
 System functions by production of
nerve impulses caused by stimuli
of various types
 Impulses are fast acting short
duration
 Rapid precise control of body
functions
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Slide 8
Organ Systems
• Endocrine system
 Structure
 Pituitary gland
 Pineal gland
 Hypothalamus
 Thyroid gland
 Parathyroid glands
 Thymus gland
 Adrenal glands
 Pancreas
 Ovaries (female)
 Testes (male)
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Slide 9
Organ Systems
 Functions
 Secretion of special substances called
hormones directly into the blood
 Same as nervous system—
communication, integration, and
control
 Control is slow and of long duration
 Examples of hormone regulation
o Growth
o Metabolism
o Reproduction
o Fluid and electrolyte balance
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Slide 10
Organ Systems
• Cardiovascular (Circulatory) system
 Structure
 Heart
 Blood vessels
 Functions
 Transportation (O2 and CO2)
 Regulation of body temperature
 Immunity (body defense)
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Slide 11
Organ Systems
• Lymphatic system
 Structure
 Tonsils
 Lymph nodes
 Lymphatic vessels
 Thymus
 Spleen
 Functions
 Transportation
 Immunity (body defense)
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Slide 12
Organ Systems
• Respiratory system
 Structure
 Nose
 Pharynx
 Larynx
 Trachea
 Bronchi
 Lungs
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Slide 13
Organ Systems
 Functions
 Exchange of waste gas (carbon
dioxide) for oxygen in the lungs
 Area of gas exchange in the
lungs called alveoli
 Filtration of irritants from
inspired air
 Regulation of acid-base balance
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Slide 14
Organ Systems
• Digestive system
 Structure
 Primary organs
o Mouth
o Pharynx
o Esophagus
o Stomach
o Small intestine
o Large intestine
o Rectum
o Anal canal
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Slide 15
Organ Systems
 Accessory organs
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Teeth
Salivary glands
Tongue
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Appendix
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Slide 16
Organ Systems
 Functions
 Mechanical and chemical
breakdown (digestion) of food
 Absorption of nutrients
 Undigested waste product that is
eliminated is called feces
 Appendix is a structural but not a
functional part of digestive
system
 Inflammation of appendix is
called appendicitis
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Slide 17
Organ Systems
• Urinary system
 Structure
 Kidneys
 Ureters
 Urinary bladder
 Urethra
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Slide 18
Organ Systems
 Functions
 “Cleaning” or clearing blood of
waste products—waste product
excreted from body is called urine
 Electrolyte balance
 Water balance
 Acid-base balance
 In male, urethra has urinary and
reproductive functions
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Slide 19
Organ Systems
• Reproductive system
 Structure
 Male
o Gonads—testes
o Genital ducts—vas deferens,
urethra
o Accessory gland—prostate
o Supporting structures—
genitalia (penis and scrotum)
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Slide 20
Organ Systems

Female
o Gonads—ovaries
o Accessory organs—uterus,
uterine (fallopian) tubes,
vagina
o Supporting structures—
genitalia (vulva), mammary
glands (breasts)
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Slide 21
Organ Systems
 Functions
 Survival of genes
 Production of sex cells
 Development and birth of
offspring
 Nourishment of offspring
 Production of sex hormones
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Slide 22
Any Questions?
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Slide 23