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Respiratory System Chapter 7 Functions of the Respiratory System Bring oxygen rich air into the body for delivery to the blood cells Expel waste products (carbon dioxide and water) that have been returned to the lungs from the body Produce airflow through the larynx that makes speech possible Structures of the Respiratory System Upper Respiratory Tract Nose, mouth, pharynx, epiglottis, larynx and trachea http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/images/ency/fullsize/19378.jpg Lower Respiratory Tract Bronchial tree and lungs http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/images/ency/fullsize/19379.jpg Structures Cont’d. Nose – Lined with membrane that secretes mucus to moisten, warm, and filter the air as it enters the nose Sinus – Air filled cavity within a bone that is lined with mucous membrane – Helps make the bones of the skull lighter, helps produce sound by providing resonance to the voice, produces mucus that drains into nose Structures Cont’d. Pharynx – After passing through nasal cavity, air reaches the pharynx http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=82620&rendTypeId=4 Pharynx has three divisions: – Nasopharynx – from nose to behind mouth – Oropharynx – from mouth to the larynx – Laryngopharynx – from the larynx to the opening of the esophagus and trachea Structures Cont’d. Epiglottis – Lidlike structure at the base of the tongue that closes during swallowing so that food/drink does not enter the lungs Larynx www.faemse.org/downloads/glottis1.jpg – Also called the voice box – Located between pharynx and trachea – Contains vocal cords that vibrate against each other to cause sound Structures Cont’d. Trachea – Extends from the larynx to the chest Lungs www.virtualsciencefair.org/.../lungs.jpeg – Contain the bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli – Surrounded by pleural lining – Pleural space contains fluid to prevent friction during respiration – Mediastinum is the area between the lungs Structures Cont’d. Bronchial Tree – The trachea divides into two branches called bronchi; One branch goes into each lung – Bronchi get smaller as they divide and subdivide, smallest bronchi are called bronchioles Alveoli – Tiny air sacs found at the end of the bronchioles – Gas exchange (O2 and CO2) occurs here Structures Cont’d. Diaphragm – Muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from abdomen – Contraction of diaphragm makes breathing possible www.nlm.nih.gov/.../ency/fullsize/19380.jpg External Respiration Breathing – act of bringing air into & out of the lungs Inhalation – taking air into the lungs Exhalation – breathing air out of the lungs Gas exchange – with each inhalation, oxygen passes into the capillaries and is carried to cells by erythrocytes; with each exhalation, carbon dioxide (waste) passes from capillaries into the lungs to be exhaled Internal Respiration Exchange of gases within the cells of all body organs and tissues Medical Specialties related to the Respiratory System Otorhinolaryngologist – treats diseases and disorders of ear, nose and throat (ot/o + rhin/o + laryng/o + -ologist) Pulmonologist – diagnoses and treats diseases of the lungs and associated tissues (pulmon/o + -ologist) What your lungs sound like http://www.easyauscultation.com/cases.asp x?CourseCaseOrder=1&CourseID=201 Listen to the examples of normal and abnormal lung sounds, then…. we will see what your lungs sound like