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Spanish Exploration A look into the world of Exploration! Christopher Columbus • 1492, Columbus sails the ocean blue • Spain approves his voyage to discover a westward route to Asia • He and his crew land in Hispanola (The Bahamas) • Called Native Americans “Indios” meaning Indians Spain establishes colonies • Conquistadors were searching for a wealthy land • Reasons for exploration – Wealth (Gold) – land = power (Glory) – Spread the Christian faith (God) • 1519, Pineda and his crew were the first Europeans to explore the Texas coastline • Threatened by Hernando Cortes – establishes the city of Tampico Hernando Cortes • Searching for a rumored wealthy civilization • He founded the city of Veracruz • Aztec Empire – Capitol – Tenochtitlan – Emperor Montezuma believed Cortes to be the legendary God, Quetzalcoatl • Battles – Aztecs were trying to be friendly; Cortes not after friendship – Cortes’ men took over the Aztec gold and silver – Named the new capitol, Mexico City Panfilo de Narvaez • Was granted the land of Florida • Expedition – 400 men and 82 horses were led ashore into present day Florida • Plan – – – – travel overland and meet his ships to get more supplies when they reached the meeting place, no ships Built 5 rafts to sail to Mexico November 1528, a hurricane hits • Narvaez drowned • 80 survivors went ashore in Galveston • First known Europeans to set foot in Texas – Karanakawas felt bad for them; gave them food – the Karankawas began dying of small pox and influenza Cabeza de Vaca • De Vaca was a survivor of the Narvaez Expedition • Estavanico – An African who also survived • Karankawa teachings – De Vaca learned herbal remedies for the sick – began to perform surgeries – this knowledge helped keep peace between Europeans and Natives • First Europeans to explore the interior of Texas • Seven Cities of Gold – City of Cibola – an entire city made of gold – Estavanico was sent to find this city – He sent back a large white cross – meant that they had seen the gold – Estavanico was killed by the Zuni natives in Arizona – There was no city of gold • saw the shiny roofs of the adobe homes when the sun hit them just right Francisco Vasquez de Coronado • 1540 – went to search for the 7 Cities of Cibola • Traveled west to present day New Mexico • Were the first Europeans to see the Grand Canyon! • Searched for a city called “Quivira” • First encounter of the buffalo. Thought to have been a type of cow. • Failed mission: never found riches or wealth. Hernando de Soto • 1539 – left Spain to search for the Cities of Cibola • Explored parts of present day: – – – – – – • • • • Georgia North & South Carolina Tennessee Alabama Mississippi Arkansas 1541 – reached Mississippi River! 1542 – ran out of supplies and headed back home De Soto became ill and died 1543 – only 311 of the original 600 made it back to Spain alive. • First major expedition to explore the interior of North America French Exploration Rene-Robert LaSalle • Reached the mouth of the Mississippi on April 9, 1682. • Named the territory “La Louisiane” or Louisiana, in honor of the french King. • Tried to establish a colony on the Texas/Louisiana border. – Fort St. Louis • Colony failed due to lack of supplies and drought • LaSalle was killed by his own men.