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 Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson – Confederate general,
earned nickname at the Battle of Bull Run, West Point
graduate & instructor at Virginia Military Institute,
died of wounds suffered at Chancellorsville in May
1863.
 First Battle of Bull Run – July 21, 1861, first major
battle of the Civil War, Confederate victory,
Confederates called it the Battle of Manassas.
 George B. McClellan – placed in command of all
Union armies following Bull Run, expert at preparing
and training.
 Union commander –
Irvin McDowell
 Confederate commander
– P.G.T. Beauregard
 Union chooses to attack
Beauregard’s forces at
Manassas Junction.
 Manassas Junction was
desired by both armies
for its potential
transportation of troops.
 Union armies to keep
Confederate forces
occupied north and east
of Manassas Junction.
 90-Day Enlistments
 Uniforms
 Training
 Regimental Flags
 Beauregard knew the
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Union was coming.
Spies in Washington, DC
Beauregard plans to
flank the Union army
before it attacks him.
Confederate lines extend
for 8 miles along Bull
Run.
Union commanders
plans same left flank
attack.
 Beauregard’s plan fails.
 Orders go missing or not
understood by officers.
 Lucky break for the
Confederates.
 Offensive attack fails –
now fight defensive
battle.
 Both sides fight
surprisingly well.
 Union forces begin to
push back the
Confederates.
 Two regular army
batteries push to the top
of Henry House hill and
Union infantry follows.
 Confederate General
Bernard Bee tries to rally
his troops.
 Bee sees Thomas J.
Jackson’s Virginia
Brigade standing firm
and firing.
 Bee calls out, “There is
Jackson standing like a
stone wall! Rally behind
the Virginians!”
 Bee’s troops rallied.
 Fresh Confederate troops
support Bee’s flanks.
 Union guns are too far
forward to get help from
infantry.
 Union guns hold fire
when they see blue coats.
 Thomas “Stonewall”
Jackson orders the
Virginia Brigade to
charge by “giving them
the bayonet”.
 Jackson instructs his
men to “yell like furies”
 The “Rebel Yell” is born.
 Union offensive
collapses.
 Inexperienced troops
begin withdrawing, but
there was no panic.
 Maneuver called for
fighting in line to form
column and go to the
rear.
 Performing under fire
makes this even more
difficult.
 .
 This cartoon appeared in
the August 10, 1861 issue
of Harper’s Weekly.
 The woman is shunning
her husband for leaving
the army after is 90-day
enlistment when his
country needs him.
 Major General George B.
McClellan
Read pages 516-518.
Robert E. Lee (1807 – 1870)
 Brilliant Confederate general
 Renamed army the “Army of
 Military genius probably the
Northern Virginia”
 Devised the battle plan
known as the “Seven Days
Battle”.
 Commanded during
Antietam, Chancellorsville,
Fredericksburg and
Gettysburg.
single greatest factor in
keeping the Confederacy
alive.
 Began war a military advisor
to Jefferson Davis.
 Placed in command of
Confederate troops in April
1862.
 Union = 16,000 casualties (1,734 killed, 8,036
wounded, 6,053 captured or missing) out of 105,000.
 Confederacy = 20,000 casualties (3,494 killed, 15,758
wounded, and 952 captured or missing) out of 90,000.
 Robert E. Lee placed in
command of the Army of
Northern Virginia
 General Henry W.
Halleck is now generalin-chief of the Union
armies
 McClellan ordered to support General Pope in his
“Overland” campaign against Richmond.
 Army of Northern Virginia (South) continues to win.
 Army of the Potomac (North) loses again.
 General McClellan placed back in command by
Lincoln.
 Lee decides to invade the North.
 Seven Days’ Battles – series of clashes that forced the
Union army to retreat from near Richmond.
 Second Battle of Bull Run (2nd Manassas) –
Jackson’s troops met and defeated Pope’s Union forces
on August 29-30, 1862.
 Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg) – bloodiest singleday in U.S. history; McClellan defeats Lee in Maryland
and drives the Army of Northern Virginia back
towards Richmond.
 South
 Another victory could mean foreign assistance!
 North
 Another loss could mean the South may sue for peace
and gain its independence.
 North may lose the war!
 A victory will allow Lincoln to issue the “Emancipation
Proclamation”.
 What do you think
Lincoln is saying to
McClellan?
 What do you think
McClellan is saying to
Lincoln?