Download Reconstruction (1865

Reconstruction
1865-1877
Key Questions
1. How do we
bring the South
back into the
Union?
2. How do we
rebuild the
South after its
destruction
during the war?
4. What branch
of government
should control
the process of
Reconstruction?
3. How do we
integrate and
protect newlyemancipated
black freedmen?
President Lincoln’s Plan
 Reconstruction- Significant changes
to government and society after
the Civil War
*
*
*
believed that most southerners had been
forced into the war by slaveowners
Believed that secession was
____________. Thus he felt Southern
states had never really left the union.
When Abraham Lincoln was assassinated,
his plans for reconstruction died with
him.
Andrew Johnson’s Plan
Andrew Johnson
*
*
*
Was Lincoln’s VP
Was much more sympathetic to
southerners because he was
born in ________ _________.
Made white southerner’s take
an oath of _______ to the
Union.________
Andrew Johnson’s Plan
 Johnson’s plan called for
three key actions:
1.
2.
3.
Once those requirements had
been met, states could
return to the Union.
Andrew Johnson’s Plan
In NC, Johnson appointed
___________ ___________
as the provisional governor.
th
11
and
th
12
Amendments
• 11th Amendment- prohibits any citizen
from suing a state. States can sue each
other. Those cases are heard in
Supreme Court
• 12th Amendment- specifies the
procedure for electing the President
– Principles of the Constitution video
th
13
Amendment
 Ratified in December, 1865.
 Neither slavery nor involuntary
servitude, except as punishment for
crime whereof the party shall have been
duly convicted, shall exist within the
United States or any place subject to
their jurisdiction.
 Congress shall have power to enforce
this article by appropriate legislation.
Freedmen’s Convention
 Abraham Galloway
organized a Freedmen’s
Convention to lay out
blacks’ _________
concerns
 More than _______
delegates gathered at
an African American
church.
Freedmen’s Convention
Three Major Goals:
1.
2.
3.
Freedmen’s Bureau School
Forty Acres and a _______
• {Summarize the inset}
Black Codes
• _________ _________, who was against
voiding the war debts, ran against William
Holden for the governor’s seat and won.
• Most whites still believed they were
________ to African Americans.
• The legislature placed new restrictions on
African Americans. These laws became
known as Black Codes.
Black Codes
 Purpose:
*
*
Guarantee stable labor
supply now that blacks
were emancipated.
Restore pre-emancipation
system of race relations.
 Forced many blacks to
become sharecroppers
[tenant farmers].
14th Amendment
 Ratified in July, 1868.
*
Provide a constitutional guarantee of the
rights and security of freed people.
*
Insure against neo-Confederate political
power.
*
Enshrine the national debt while repudiating
that of the Confederacy.
 Southern states would be punished for
denying the right to vote to black
citizens!
President Johnson’s
Impeachment
 Johnson removed Stanton in February, 1868.
 Johnson replaced generals in the field who were
more sympathetic to Radical Reconstruction.
 The House impeached him on February 24
before even
drawing up the
charges by a
vote of 126 – 47!
The Senate Trial
 11 week trial.
 Johnson acquitted
35 to 19 (one short of
required 2/3s vote).
Sharecropping
Establishment of Historically
Black Colleges in the South
Black Senate & House Delegates
Colored
Rule
in the
South?
Blacks in Southern Politics
 Core voters were black veterans.
 Blacks were politically unprepared.
 Blacks could register and vote in states since
1867.
 The 15th
Amendment
guaranteed
federal voting.
th
15
Amendment
 Ratified in 1870.
 The right of citizens of the United States
to vote shall not be denied or abridged by
the United States or by any state on
account of race, color, or previous condition
of servitude.
 The Congress shall have power to enforce
this article by appropriate legislation.
 Women’s rights groups were furious that
they were not granted the vote!
The “Invisible Empire of the
South”
Kirk-Holden War
• The Kirk-Holden War was a struggle
against the Ku Klux Klan in the state
of North Carolina in 1870.
• Governor William W. Holden hired
Colonel George Washington Kirk, a
former Union guerrilla leader,
suspended the writ of habeas corpus,
and imposed martial law in Caswell
and Alamance counties to stop the
Klan.
• Soon thereafter, Kirk began arresting
men, including some of the most
respected citizens of the county. Kirk
made about 100 arrests in a matter of
weeks.[