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Chapter 16
Section 1
War Erupts
First Shots at Fort Sumter
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Key ? – What did Lincoln do about the forts in
Confederate territory?
Fort Sumter – Charleston Harbor – running out of
supplies.
Lincoln sent supplies – Confederacy (nation
formed by the Southern states) attacked the fort
before supplies arrived.
Robert Anderson surrendered to the Confederates
on April 12, 1861.
Marked the beginning of the Civil War.
Lincoln Calls Out the Militia
Two days after Fort Sumter, Lincoln
requested 75,000 militia to serve for 90
days.
 VA, NC, TN, AK joined the Confederacy.
 Confederacy moved capital to Richmond.
 Better chance of winning because VA was
rich and populous. (heavily populated)
 Home of Robert E. Lee – the South’s
greatest general.
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Choosing Sides
Border States – Delaware, Maryland,
Kentucky, Missouri – slave states that
bordered states where slavery was illegal.
 Location and resources important to both
sides – all 4 stayed in the Union.
 During the war, the western counties of VA
broke away from the Confederacy and
formed the state of WV in 1863.
 24 states in the Union; 11 Confederate.
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Planning Strategies
South hoped Britain would help because of
cotton exports. Used both defensive and
offensive strategy, by invading the North.
 North – Anaconda Plan – Winfield Scott –to
strangle the South’s economy like a giant
snake squeezing its prey.
 Naval blockade of South’s coastline.
 Control of the Mississippi River.
 Capturing Richmond, VA
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First Battle of Bull Run
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Key? – Why was the Union surprised by the
outcome of Bull Run?
North wanted to attack Richmond, VA.
Must defeat the Confederacy at Manassas, VA
first. (near Washington D.C.)
General McDowell (North) marched to Manassas.
Spectators came to watch the war.
Attacked Confederacy near Bull Run creek.
Bull Run
General Beauregard (South) were driven
back.
 Jackson stopped the Union advance.
 “There is Jackson standing like a stone
wall!”
 Confederates counter attacked with a blood
curdling scream (rebel yell).
 Union fled and the Confederate victory
thrilled the South.
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Lessons of Bull Run
North 2,700 casualties
 South 2,000 casualties
 Fighting would be bloody; not over quickly;
and South would fight fiercely.
 Lincoln called for 500,000 volunteers for 3
years.
 Appointed George McClellan as Union
Commander in the east.
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