Download The American Journey: Modern Times

Chapter Introduction
Section 1: Slavery and the West
Section 2: A Nation Dividing
Section 3: Challenges to Slavery
Section 4: Secession and War
Visual Summary
Slavery and the West
Essential Question Did the compromises that
Congress made effectively address slavery and
sectionalism?
A Nation Dividing
Essential Question How did popular
sovereignty lead to violence in Kansas?
Challenges to Slavery
Essential Question What was the significance
of the Dred Scott decision?
Secession and War
Essential Question What role did the theory
of states’ rights play in the outbreak of the Civil
War?
Did the compromises that Congress
made effectively address slavery and
sectionalism?
Reading Guide
Content Vocabulary
• sectionalism
• secede
• fugitive
• abstain
Academic Vocabulary
• temporary
• regulate
Reading Guide (cont.)
Key People and Events
• Missouri Compromise
• Stephen A. Douglas
• Compromise of 1850
Rate your agreement with the following
statement: It is better to compromise to get
something accomplished than to stand
100% firm on what you believe.
0%
D
D. Strongly disagree
0%
C
C. Somewhat disagree
B
B. Somewhat agree
A. A
B. B
C. C
0%
0%
D. D
A
A. Strongly agree
The Missouri Compromise
The Missouri Compromise
temporarily resolved the issue of
whether new states would be slave
states or free states.
The Missouri Compromise (cont.)
• The many differences between the North
and South grew into sectionalism.
• Missouri’s request for statehood sparked a
debate in Congress because it would disrupt
the even balance of slave and free states.
• The Missouri Compromise of 1821 brought
about a temporary lull in the debate.
The Missouri Compromise
Who drafted the Missouri
Compromise?
A. Henry Clay
B. James Monroe
0%
D
A
0%
A
B
C
0%
D
C
D. Thomas Jefferson
B
C. James Polk
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
A New Compromise
The Compromise of 1850
addressed several issues, including
slavery in the territories.
A New Compromise (cont.)
• In the 1840s bitter debate erupted in
Congress over whether territories acquired
in the war with Mexico would be open to
slavery.
• John C. Calhoun of South Carolina argued
that Congress had no right to regulate or
ban slavery in any territory.
A New Compromise (cont.)
• The Free-Soil Party was formed in response
to the 1848 presidential candidates’ refusal
to take a stand on the slavery issue.
– Whig Zachary Taylor won the election, but
the Free-Soil Party gained several seats in
Congress.
New Territories and the Free-Soil Party
A New Compromise (cont.)
• The South demanded strong national
fugitive slave acts and considered
seceding if California entered the Union as
a free state.
• Illinois senator Stephen A. Douglas ended
the crisis by dividing Henry Clay’s plan into
parts that could be voted on separately.
• Though several Whigs abstained from the
vote, five bills were passed which became
known as the Compromise of 1850.
Which of the following was a
proposal to ban slavery in any lands
acquired from Mexico?
A. The Compromise of 1850
B. The Wilmot Proviso
C. The Missouri Compromise
D. The Freeport Doctrine
A. A
B. B
C. C
0%
0%
0%
D. D
A
B
C
0%
D
How did popular sovereignty lead to
violence in Kansas?
Reading Guide
Content Vocabulary
• popular sovereignty
• border ruffians
• civil war
Academic Vocabulary
• network
• inevitable
Reading Guide (cont.)
Key People and Events
• Fugitive Slave Act
• Kansas-Nebraska Act
• John Brown
If you disagree with a law, do you
have the right not to obey it?
A. Yes, always
B. No, never
0%
C
A
0%
B
C. Only under certain
circumstances
A. A
B. B
C.0%C
The Fugitive Slave Act
The Fugitive Slave Act required all
citizens to help catch runaways, yet
many Northerners refused to
cooperate.
The Fugitive Slave Act (cont.)
• The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 required all
citizens to help catch runaways.
• Anyone who aided a fugitive could be fined
or imprisoned.
The Fugitive Slave Act (cont.)
• After the passage of the Fugitive Slave Act,
Southern slave owners stepped up their
efforts to capture runaway slaves who made
their way north along the network of safe
houses known as the Underground Railroad.
What resulted from the Fugitive Slave Act?
A. Passage of the law quieted
widespread violence in
Kansas and Nebraska.
B. Most Northerners believed
Southern slaveholders’
rights should be upheld.
of the evils of slavery.
0%
D
C
B
A
A. A
0%
B. 0%B 0%
C. Abolitionists were jailed
in the North.
C. C
D. The law angered the North, convincing
D.many
D
The Kansas-Nebraska Act
The Kansas-Nebraska Act resulted
from another dispute over slavery in
Congress.
The Kansas-Nebraska Act (cont.)
• Both Kansas and Nebraska were North of
the 36°30'N latitude, meaning they would be
free states when admitted to the Union.
• The 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act repealed
the Missouri Compromise and allowed for
popular sovereignty to decide on the issue
of slavery.
Slavery and Sectionalism
The Kansas-Nebraska Act (cont.)
• In Kansas a pro-slavery legislature was
elected because of border ruffians from
Missouri who voted in Kansas. Antislavery
groups formed their own government.
• An outbreak of violence became inevitable,
and a civil war erupted in Kansas.
• John Brown led antislavery forces in
retaliation against pro-slavery attacks in
Lawrence.
What was the main cause of the Civil War in
Kansas?
A. Dual governments set up
by pro- and antislavery groups
B. Passage of the Fugitive
Slave Act
0%
D
0%
C
B
A
A. A
B. B
C. John Brown’s attack on
0%
0%
C.
C
Pottawatomie Creek
D. D
D. Invasion of Kansas by border ruffians
What was the significance of the
Dred Scott decision?
Reading Guide
Content Vocabulary
• arsenal
• martyr
Academic Vocabulary
• rigid
• topic
Reading Guide (cont.)
Key People and Events
• Republican Party
• John C. Frémont
• James Buchanan
• Dred Scott
• Abraham Lincoln
Which political issue is most
important to you?
A. Foreign policy
B. Domestic policy
0%
D
A
0%
A
B
C
0%
D
C
D. Government reform
B
C. The economy
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
A New Political Party
Opponents of slavery from different
political parties came together to
form the new Republican Party.
A New Political Party (cont.)
• In 1854, antislavery members of the
Democratic, Whig, and Free-Soil parties
joined together to form the Republican
Party.
• The Republican Party was strong in the
North and had almost no support in the
South.
A New Political Party (cont.)
• In the 1856 presidential election, Republican
John C. Frémont ran against Democrat
James Buchanan, who supported the idea
of popular sovereignty.
– In addition, former president Millard
Fillmore ran as a member of the American,
or Know-Nothing, Party.
• With voting along rigid sectional
lines, Buchanan won the election.
The Election of 1856
What is popular sovereignty?
A. The idea that slaves
should be free
B. The idea that the popular
vote, not electoral votes,
should decide an election
decide on the issue of slavery independently
0%
D
0%
C
B
A
A. A
C. The joining together of
0%
0%
B.
B
members from different
political parties to form a new party
C. C
D. The idea that each state or territory should
D. D
The Dred Scott Case
The Supreme Court’s decision in the
Dred Scott case dealt a severe blow
to antislavery forces and further
divided the country.
The Dred Scott Case (cont.)
• In 1846, enslaved African American Dred
Scott sued for his freedom because he once
lived in Illinois and the Wisconsin Territory,
where slavery was banned.
• The case reached the Supreme Court in
1857. Chief Justice Roger B. Taney and the
Court ruled:
– That Scott had no right to bring a lawsuit
because he was not a citizen.
The Dred Scott Case (cont.)
– That an enslaved person was property
and the Fifth Amendment prohibits
Congress from taking away property
without due process.
– The Missouri Compromise and popular
sovereignty were unconstitutional.
• The ruling angered Republicans and further
divided the country.
The Supreme Court’s decision in the Dred
Scott case stated which of the following?
A. Enslaved persons could
bring lawsuits.
D. The Missouri Compromise was constitutional.
0%
D
C
B
C. The slave trade should
be abolished.
A. A
B. B
0%
0%
0%
C. C
D. D
A
B. Congress had no power
to prohibit slavery in any
territory.
Lincoln and Douglas
The Lincoln-Douglas debates
placed the little-known Lincoln into
the national spotlight.
Lincoln and Douglas (cont.)
• Republican Abraham Lincoln ran against
Democrat Stephen A. Douglas in the 1858
Senate race in Illinois.
• Lincoln challenged Douglas to a series of
debates, the main topic of which was
slavery, in the fall of 1858.
• Though he narrowly lost the election, Lincoln
gained a national reputation as a clear
thinker and persuasive speaker.
Lincoln and Douglas (cont.)
• In 1859, John Brown led a raid on an
arsenal in Harper’s Ferry, VA, in hopes of
arming enslaved African Americans and
starting a revolt against slaveholders.
• Brown was executed, but many antislavery
Northerners saw him as a martyr for the
Abolitionist cause.
What is the Freeport Doctrine?
A. Lincoln’s idea that slavery
was morally wrong
B. John Brown’s speech
on the gallows
C
B
A
protecting slaveholders’ rights.
0%
D
A. A
0%
B. 0%B 0%
C. C
D. Douglas’s idea that slavery
could be excluded by refusing to pass
D.laws
D
C. A series of debates held
leading up to an election
What role did the theory of states’
rights play in the outbreak of the
Civil War?
Reading Guide
Content Vocabulary
• secession
• states’ right
Academic Vocabulary
• reject
• justify
Reading Guide (cont.)
Key People and Events
• John Crittenden
• Confederate States of America
• Jefferson Davis
• Fort Sumter
Rate your agreement with the following
statement: States should be allowed to
leave the Union if they disagree with the
policies of the federal government.
A
D. Strongly disagree
0%
0%
0%
0%
D
C. Somewhat disagree
A
B
C
D
C
B. Somewhat agree
A.
B.
C.
D.
B
A. Strongly agree
Secession
Fearing that President Lincoln
would not protect Southern rights,
first South Carolina and then other
states voted to leave the Union.
Secession (cont.)
• Abraham Lincoln, who ran on the platform
that slavery could remain where it existed
but should be excluded from the territories,
won the 1860 presidential election against a
divided Democratic Party.
• South Carolina voted to leave the Union in
December of 1860.
Secession (cont.)
• John Crittenden of Kentucky suggested
reinstating the Missouri Compromise to
prevent the secession of other Southern
states, but his plan was rejected by both
North and South.
• In February 1861, seven states that had
seceded from the Union created the
Confederate States of America
and chose Jefferson Davis as their
president.
Seceding States, 1860–1861
Secession (cont.)
• Southerners justified secession with the
theory of states’ rights.
• In his Inaugural Address, Lincoln declared
that secession would not be permitted and
appealed to the South to keep peace in the
Union.
Which was included in the platform of the
Republican Party in the election of 1860?
A. The question of slavery should
be decided by popular sovereignty.
B. In a free society, the minority had
the right to break up the government.
D.
0%
0%
D
0%
C
A
0%
B
C.
A. A
Slavery should be left where it
B. B
existed but be excluded from
the territories.
C. C
The Missouri Compromise should be reinstated.
D. D
Fort Sumter
The Civil War began when
Confederate forces attacked Fort
Sumter in South Carolina.
Fort Sumter (cont.)
• The Confederates demanded the surrender
of Fort Sumter, which guarded the
Charleston Harbor in South Carolina.
• Not wanting to provoke war with the
Confederation, Lincoln sent unarmed supply
ships to Fort Sumter.
Fort Sumter (cont.)
• Jefferson Davis ordered an attack on Fort
Sumter before the Union relief ships could
arrive, and the Civil War had begun.
• Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and
Arkansas voted to join the Confederacy.
Why did Lincoln decide not to send armed troops
to Fort Sumter?
A. He wanted to leave the
decision to start fighting
up to the Confederates.
B. The fort was already well
stocked with ammunition.
D.
0%
D
0%
C
0%
B
0%
A
C.
A. A
He feared loss of life of
B. B
Union troops.
C.
C
He wanted to surrender Fort Sumter to the
Confederates.
D. D
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sectionalism
loyalty to a region
fugitive
running away or trying to run away
secede
to leave or withdraw
abstain
to not take part in some activity, such
as voting
temporary
not lasting
regulate
to control
popular sovereignty
political theory that government is
subject to the will of the people;
before the Civil War, the idea that
people living in a territory had the
right to decide by voting if slavery
would be allowed there
border ruffian
Missourian who traveled in armed
groups to vote in Kansas’s election
during the mid-1850s
civil war
a conflict between citizens of the
same country
network
an interconnected system of people
or things
inevitable
unavoidable
arsenal
a storage place for weapons and
ammunition
martyr
a person who sacrifices his or her life
for a principle or cause
rigid
firm and inflexible
topic
subject of discussion
secession
withdrawal from the Union
states’ rights
rights and powers independent of the
federal government that are reserved
for the states by the Constitution; the
belief that states’ rights supersede
federal rights and law
reject
refuse to accept
justify
find reason to support
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