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The Battle of Gettysburg July 1st –3rd, 1863 Before the Battle • Confederates inflicted bloody defeat on Union at Fredericksburg, VA. (12/13/62) • North defeated again in the Battle of Chancellorsville, VA (April 30-May 6, 1863) • General Stonewall Jackson is shot by his own men in an accident and dies of Pneumonia (May 1863) Stonewall Jackson Called Stonewall because he and his troops stood strong (like a stone wall) at the 1st Battle of Bull Run. His death was a blow to the Confederacy. Reasons for the Battle • Lee (Confed) decided to invade the North – pull Union forces away from the battered South – invasion in North would hurt Lincoln’s political power. –Meade (Union) ordered his men to stop Lee’s advance. Day 1 • Confederate soldiers went on a search for shoes in Gettysburg, got attacked by Union cavalry • More began to arrive • Eventually 93,000 Union and 73,000 Confederate soldiers confronted each other. • Skirmishes and battles all day Day 2 • The Union had taken the high ground • Meade put the troops into a fish hook formation. • Union leaders sent Colonel Joshua L. Chamberlain and his men to defend the flank at Little Round Top. • Because Chamberlain was running low on ammo, he ordered his men to attack the Confederates with fixed bayonets. This surprise attack left Confederates surrendering in droves. Day 3 • Lee still felt they could break the Union at the center. • Lee ordered an artillery bombardment. • PICKETT’S CHARGE - Longstreet, confident the bombardment had silenced Union guns, ordered Confederate troops to attack the center of the Union lines. 7500 men under Gen. Pickett marched a mile through open farm field…. Almost 3,000 men (about 50% of his infantry) were killed or went missing An avoidable mistake from which the Southern war effort never fully recovered psychologically. After the Battle • More than 23,000 Union casualties and 28,000 Confederate Casualties • Lee gave up hopes of invading the North and retreated back to Virginia • Lee turned in his resignation which Jefferson Davis did not accept Reasons the CSA Lost • Lee was too overconfident • The miscalculated attempt at breaking the Union centerline with Pickett’s Charge. Significance • Bloodiest battle of Civil War. • Turning point in the war. • South was demoralized. • Crippled Southern armies so badly, Lee never invaded North again • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ALyq3se K2g • Good 4 minute video from Civilwar Trust