Download Lesson 16.1 b

Lesson 16.1b: Strengths and
Strategies
Today we will list the strengths and describe
the strategies of each side at the beginning of
the Civil War.
Vocabulary
• strength – a skill or an advantage
• strategy – long-term plan for success
• agrarian – having to do with agriculture or
farming
• diplomat – one who is appointed by his
government to maintain relations with
another country
Check for Understanding
• What are we going to do today?
• What is a strength?
What is an agrarian economy?
What is a strategy?
What We Already Learned
Charleston, South Carolina’s shore guns fired
on Fort Sumter until it was forced to surrender.
What We Already Learned
Two days after the
surrender of Fort
Sumter, President
Lincoln asked the
Union states to
provide 75,000
militiamen for 90
days to put down
the uprising in the
South.
What We Already Learned
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
North Carolina
North Dakota
West Virginia
New Jersey
Arkansas
Lincoln’s call for troops led four more states to
join the Confederacy.
Strengths and Weaknesses
Industrial capacity
•
•
•
•
About 85% of all factories were in the North.
Factories: 119,500 to 20,600
Factory workers : 1,198,000 to 111,000
An industrial economy is invigorated by
war, and an agrarian economy is devastated
by war.
Farm acreage
• 105.8 million acres in the North
• 56.8 million Southern acres
Railroad system
• 21,847 miles in the North vs. 8,947
miles in the South (71% to 29%)
• Much of the southern rail lines had
different gauges.
Population
• Union population: 22 million (71%)
• Confederate population: 9 million (29%);
3.5 million were slaves
Public Support
• Public opinion was divided in Union.
• Some Northerners want to fight for union,
others wanted to let the South go its own
way.
• The South suffered from too much
democracy.
• Southern citizens often refused to pay
taxes, or provide slaves and supplies to
the Confederate army.
• Some Southern states even threatened to
secede from the Confederacy.
Economic Policies
• Confederates didn’t exploit the Union
blockade before it tightened.
• Unwillingness to tax citizens
• Confederacy didn’t promote
manufacturing
• Refused to free slaves for military
service
Wealth
• More people means
more money.
• More manufacturing
means more money
($1.7 billion in the
North vs. $1.56 million
in the South)
• Most banks were in
the North.
Established government
• Confederacy began with neither a national
government nor constitution
• Lincoln’s leadership
Military tradition & leadership
• More of the most
experienced and able
commanders were
from the South.
• Most Southern men
could ride and shoot
well.
• The South had always
had a military school
tradition.
An established navy
• Nearly all shipyards were in the North.
• Most naval officers were Northerners.
• The Union would be able to blockade the
Confederate coastline.
Diplomacy and Foreign Policy
• Union Secretary of
State William Seward
was an able diplomat.
• US-Britain relations
were very good in 1861.
• The Union had many
trade ties w/Britain.
• European countries
were opposed to
slavery.
Location
• Most battles would have to be
fought in the South.
• Confederates would have
knowledge of the land.
• Southerners would be close to
their supply lines.
Motivation
• Northern reasons
for fighting
(preserving the
Union) were
indistinct.
• Southerners
fought to defend
their homes and
way of life.
Get your whiteboards
and markers ready!
8. What were the
strengths of the
Union when the war
began?
A. More people and
factories
B. Talented generals
C. Strong public support
D. An established navy
E. An established government
F. Better motivation
Choose ALL that are true!
9. What were the Confederacy’s
strengths at the beginning of the war ?
A. An established navy
B. Military tradition and
leadership
C. Defensive strategy
D. More railroads
E. Better motivation
F. Good relations with
foreign countries
G. Presidential leadership
Choose ALL that are true!
The Union Strategy
• General Winfield Scott’s Anaconda Plan
The Union Strategy
• General Winfield Scott’s Anaconda Plan
• A naval blockade of the South’s coastline
The Union Strategy
• General Winfield Scott’s Anaconda Plan
• A naval blockade of the South’s coastline
• Union to split the Confederacy in two by
gaining control of the Mississippi River
The Union Strategy
• General Winfield Scott’s Anaconda Plan
• A naval blockade of the South’s coastline
• Union to split the Confederacy in two by
gaining control of the Mississippi River
• Capture Richmond, the Confederate
capital
• One drawback –it would take time to
work.
The Confederate Strategy
• At first, a defensive strategy
• No need to invade or conquer your enemy:
just survive until Northerners grew tired of
the war and accept Southern independence
• Use “king Cotton” to gain foreign assistance
The Confederate Strategy
“King Cotton” referred to cotton’s
importance to the South and to the world’s
economy.
The Confederate Strategy
‘King Cotton’ was withheld from the market as
a way to win foreign support.
The Confederate Strategy
• Unfortunately for the
Confederacy,
European nations
had surplus cotton in
their warehouses.
The Confederate Strategy
• Unfortunately for the
Confederacy,
European nations
had surplus cotton in
their warehouses.
• Most did not want to
get involved in a
foreign war.
The Confederate Strategy
• Unfortunately for the
Confederacy,
European nations
had surplus cotton in
their warehouses.
• Most did not want to
get involved in a
foreign war.
• Britain had begun
cultivating cotton in
its colonies in India.
The Confederate Strategy
As the war went on,
the South began to
take the offensive,
hoping to wreck
Northern morale.
Get your whiteboards
and markers ready!
10. Why did the Confederates believe that
they would be helped by Britain?
A. They could increase cotton
production as a form of bribery to
foreign textile-producing nations.
B. They portrayed themselves as
victims of Northern aggression
and brutality.
C. They could withhold cotton from
world markets, and force France
and Britain to aid the Confederate
cause.
D. They were lending money to
foreign governments in an
attempt to buy their assistance.
11. What were the three parts of the
Union’s Anaconda Plan?
A. Withhold factory goods from Britain
until we have their help in the war
B. Naval blockade of the South's coastline
C. Capture of the Confederate capital city
D. Union control of the Mississippi River
E. Reliance upon European aid
Choose ALL that are true!
Battle of Bull
Run
• To take Richmond, the railway
center of Manassas, southwest
of Washington, D.C., would
have to be taken first.
• July 21, 1861, Union forces
clashed with Confederate
forces near a little creek called
Bull Run.
Battle of Bull Run
General Irvin McDowell led Union forces against
Confederates commanded by General Pierre
Beauregard.
Battle of Bull Run
The battle was confusing, due to the smoke, the
noise, and the similarities in flags and uniforms
that day.
Battle of Bull Run
At first, Union troops outnumbered the
Confederates and had the upper hand.
Battle of Bull Run
Fresh Confederate troops arrived by railroad, and
the tide of battle began to turn.
Battle of Bull Run
Eventually, the Union troops broke ranks and
fled all the way back to Washington, D.C.
Battle of Bull Run
• The Confederate victory
thrilled the South and
many in the South
thought the war was won.
• Lincoln sent the 90-day
militias home and called
for a real army of 500,000
volunteers for three years.
• It was beginning to look
like it would be a long war.
Get your whiteboards
and markers ready!
12. How did Lincoln react after
the Battle of Bull Run?
A. He replaced General Meade with
Ulysses S. Grant.
B. He considered resigning from the
presidency.
C. He called for 500,000 volunteers
to enlist for three years.
D. He issued the Emancipation
Proclamation.