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Chapter 16
Civil War
Section 1
• Confederacy capital Richmond VA
• Lincoln had to be careful to not lose
border states
• Lincoln arrested supporters of secession,
suspended const. Rights- habeus corpus
• Many people in border states joined the
conf. army
Comparing North and South
Advantages
• NORTH
• SOUTH
•
•
•
•
•
•
• Strong support of
white population
• Fighting in familiar
territory
• Superior military
leadership
Larger population
More industry
Abundant resources
Banking
More ships
Efficient, large
railroad
North and South
Disadvantages
NORTH
North faced difficult
challenge bringing
South back
• On the offensive,
invading
•
•
•
•
SOUTH
Smaller population
Few factories
Less rr tracks
Belief in states rights,
confederate govt. not
given enough powerlike colonies and Art
of Confederation
War Aims and Strategy
North
South
bring the South back,
win recognition as an
not ending slavery
independent nation
• 1. Blockade the south • 1. Defend its home,
• 2. Gain control of
holding on to
Miss. River
territory
• 3. Capture
• 2. Hoping England
Richmond
and France would
come and aid
American People at War
• West Point grads fought against each other,
Lee, Sherman..
• Soldiers were young about 25 some were 21
or younger
• Most came from farms
• Rebels vs. Yankees (Yanks)
Section 2
Early Years of War
• First Battle Battle of Bull Run
• In Virginia
• Confederates won drove back Union
Army
• Union now understood war would be long,
difficult and costly
• Recruited more soldiers
War at Sea
• Union Naval Blockade-reduced trade by
2/3
– So Confederacy built IRONCLADS
• Ironclad warship Monitor vs. Merrimack
War in the West
• Goal to split Confederacy by gaining
control of Miss. River
• Grant secured Lower Tenn. River
• Battle of Shiloh Grant fought for 2 days,
Union won-- 20.000 casualties
April 25, 1862 New Orleans falls
Mississippi River Valley and the Union’s
strategic plan to control the river
Vicksburg, MS
Union will
capture and
thus control the
river.
New
Orleans
captured
after
Shiloh
Memphis
captured after
Shiloh
War in East
• Union failed to capture Richmond
• Call for more volunteers 30,000
• Second Battle of Bull Run, Confederate victory
and now they were 20 miles from Washington D.
C.
• Union found Lee’s personal messages detailing his
armies locations.. Yet McClellan didn’t attack.
• Battle of Antietam single bloodiest day of the
war- 6000 dead 17000 wounded
• McClellan removed and Burnside took over
Section 3 Call for Freedom
• Union main goal to preserve Union
• Lincoln didn’t make slavery issue, b/c
border states
BORDER STATES
Border states- had
slaves but didn’t
secede
Emancipation Proclamation
• Lincoln wanted to take a stand on slavery
• 1863 issued the proclamation
• “all persons held as slaves within any state in rebellion
against the US shall be then, thenceforward, and forever
free.”
• Didn’t actually free anyone
• 1865 13th amendment abolished slavery in
US
African Americans
in War
•South refused to let AA
fight in war, fear of
rebellion, but at end REL
allowed them to fight.
War ended before any
regiments were formed
•200,000 fought in the war
for the Union
African American Soldiers
• 1862 Law passed allowing AA to fightUnion
• 10% of soldiers in Union were black,
37.000 died
• 54th Massachusetts, led by
abolitionists
Section 4 Life During the Civil War
• Camp life boring, drills, bad food, rain
• Reality- new weapons made injuries more
fatal, medical treatment crude
• Confederates lacked food and supplies
•
Women and the War
• Teachers, office workers, salesclerks, govt.
workers
• Women helped armies, made blankets,
ammunition, collected food
Spies, Nurses
• Dorothea Dix organized women as
nurses, became the head of Union nurses
• Clara Barton nurse AMERICAN
RED CROSS
Opposition to the War
• Democrats in North split
• One group supported Lincoln
• Copperheads( called this by Rep.) didn’t support
Lincoln
• Lincoln suspended habeas corpus
– Right to a hearing before being jailed
• Both North and south enacted Drafts
• New York riots 1863
War and Economy
• Greenbacks – northern money
• Inflation in south and north
• Northern economy prospered though
– manufacturing
• South lacked industry
• Southern farms, land, RR torn up b/c the
fighting took place there.
Section 5 Way to Victory
• Becoming difficult to keep soldiers 1862-63
• Fredricksburg/Chancellorsville Union
defeated, but Stonewall Jackson
wounded and dies
• Battle of Gettysburg July 1 1863, Rebels
defeated
– Turning point in the war.
• 46000-51,000 total deaths in 3 days!!!
• Battle of Vicksburg 1863 Decisive win b/c
it gave Union control of Miss. River
Gettysburg Address
• November 1863
• Lincoln addresses country at ceremony
honoring fallen soldiers at Gettysburg
• “these dead shall not have died in vain, that
this nation UNDER GOD, shall have a new
birth of freedom”
Final Phases of War
• Lincoln makes Grant head of Union
forces
• Grant attacked on all fronts
• Sherman captured Atlanta
• Total War- everyone is affected, tearing up
rr lines, crops, anything useful to the South
• 1865 Richmond falls
Second Inaugural Address
• “lets us strive on to finish the work we are
in, to BIND up the nations wounds”
– Lincoln
Surrender
• April 9, 1865 Lee surrenders to Grant at
Appomattox Courthouse
• Confederate soldiers lay down arms and go
home
• Results 600,000 soldiers died, billions
of dollars of damage
• Created bitter feelings
Results of war
Radical Republicans plan..
• 13th Amendment- Slavery is abolished all over country
• 14th amendment- granted full citizenship to African
Americans and stated the federal government will protect
their rights
• 15th amendment- granted all black men the right to vote.
NOT WOMEN (1920)
• Lincoln assassinated April 14, 1865 by John Wilkes Booth
• Andrew Johnson new President
– No desire to help AA, southerners swore oath
to Union. “white men alone must manage the
South”