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Chapter 17
Section 2
Enlightenment Ideas Spread
Government and Church were against Enlightenment.
Censorship – restricting access to ideas and
information.
They burned and banned books and
imprisoned writers.
Many philosophers disguised their work
as works of fiction.
Salons – informal, social gathering places.
Where people came to exchange ideas.
Madame Geoffrin ran a respected salon with
weekly dinners.
Mozart
• Gulliver’s Travels –
Jonathan Swift
• Voltaire’s Candide
– Expose corruption
Style
followed the Greek or Roman tradition or
Baroque – large colorful and full of excitement.
Rococo – lighter, elegant, and charming.
Music
Classical music derived from this period.
Opera (drama through music) houses and ballets
became popular. The elite would have musicians play
for the them and the middle class could afford public
performances.
Famous musicians from the period.
Johann Sebastian Bach - deeply religious,
Bach wrote religious works for the organ and
choir.
George Fredric Handel - wrote for King George
I and many operas.
Franz Joseph Haydn – helped develop forms for the
string quartet and the symphony.
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – child prodigy who was
a composer and performer.
Literature
Straightforward prose in Fiction
Robinson Crusoe – (Daniel Defoe) tale of a shipwrecked
sailor on a tropical island.
In a little time I began to speak to him, and teach him to speak to me; and, first, I let him know his
name should be Friday, which was the day I saved his life; I called so for the memory of the time. I
likewise taught him to say Master, and then let him know that was to be my name; I likewise taught
him to say Yes and No, and to know the meaning of them. I gave him some milk in an earthen pot,
and let him see me drink it before him, and sop my bread in it; and gave him a cake of bread to do
the like, which he quickly complied with, and made signs that it was very good for him. I kept there
with him all that night; but, as soon as it was day, I beckoned to him to come with me, and let him
know I would give him some clothes; at which he seemed very glad, for he was stark naked. As went
by the place where he had buried the two men, he pointed exactly to the place, and showed me the
marks he had made to find them again, making signs to me that we should dig them up again and eat
them. At this I appeared very angry, expressed my abhorrence of it, made as if I would vomit at the
very thoughts of it, and beckoned with my hand to him to come away, which he did immediately,
with great submission. I then led him up to the top of the hill, to see if his enemies were gone, and
pulling out my glass, I looked and saw plainly the place where they had been, but no appearance of
them or their canoes; so that it was plain they were gone, and had left their two comrades behind
them without any search after them.
Pamela – (Samuel Richardson) used a
series of letters to tell a story.
Enlightened despots – absolute rulers who used their
power to bring about political and social change.
Fredrick II, Fredrick the Great
Invited French intellectuals to Prussia
Reduced the use of torture
Allowed a free press
Tolerated religious differences
Catherine II, Catherine the Great
Believed in equality and liberty
Abolished torture
Established religious tolerance
Criticized serfdom
Joseph II – travelled in disguise among his subjects to
learn of their problems.
Supported religious equality
Allowed a free press
Abolished serfdom