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PERCEPTION
WHAT YOU SEE IS WHAT YOU GET
Perception: Definition
1) How you see the world around you
– Think “environment” from transactional model
– Each of us “sees” according to our
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Physical differences
Backgrounds
Attitudes
Use of (need for) information
Expectations
FIELD TRIP!
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•
NOTE CARD
PENCIL
DUCK WALK
JOT ON YOUR NOTE CARD—WHAT DO YOU
NOTICE?
• WHEN YOU RETURN, WRITE SOMETHING YOU
NOTICED ON THE BOARD.
FIELD TRIP!
• WHO NOTICED ______________?
• WHY?
• WHY DID WE NOT ALL NOTICE THE SAME
THINGS?
Perception: Definition
2) Each of us experiences a different reality
– This is HARD to grasp!
– Grasping it takes practice!
DIFFERENT REALITY GAME
5 VOLUNTEERS
DRAW “REALITY” FROM BUCKET
WALK IN AND DESCRIBE WHAT YOU SEE!
DIFFERENT REALITY GAME
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
PRINCIPAL HERRING
LYLE PERKINS
FIRE INSPECTOR
NEW STUDENT
YOURSELF
DIFFERENT REALITY GAME
THE FACTS OF THIS ROOM ARE THE SAME.
THE PERCEPTION OF THIS ROOM VARIES.
“EACH OF US EXPERIENCES A DIFFERENT
REALITY.”
Perception: Definition
3) Perceptual differences can ENHANCE
relationships.
HOW can perceptual differences enhance a
relationship?
Perception: Definition
4) Perceptual differences can INTERFERE with
relationships.
HOW can perceptual differences interfere
with a relationship?
--SELECTION-• WE can’t perceive all the stimuli!
• What kind of stimuli do we give attention to?
– Intense
– Repetitive
– Contrasting
– First and last
--ORGANIZATION-• WE must arrange the stimuli!
• “Perceptual schema”
– “schema” is an outline, plan or model
--ORGANIZATION--
--ORGANIZATION-• (from your text page 85) “…each of us can
organize our impressions of other
communicators using a number of schemes
(called perceptual schema by social scientists).
Sometimes we classify people according to
their appearance: male or femaile, beautiful
or ugly, heavy or thin, young or old, and so on.
--ORGANIZATION-• (cont.) At other times we classify people
according to their social roles: student,
attorney, wife, and so on. Another way we
classify people is by their interaction style:
friendly, helpful, aloof, and sarcastic are
examples.
--ORGANIZATION-• (cont.) In other cases we classify people by
their psychological traits: curious, nervous,
insecure, and so on. Finally, we can use
others’ membership, classifying them
according to the group to which they belong:
Republican, immigrant, Christian, and so on.
--ORGANIZATION-• (cont.) The perceptual schemas we use shape
the way we think about and communicate
with others. If you’ve classified a professor,
for example, as “friendly,” you’ll handle
questions or problems one way; if you’ve
classified a professor as “mean,” your
behavior will probably be quite different.
--ORGANIZATION-• STEREOTYPING
– WE USE organizing schemes to make
generalizations and predictions.
– It is impossible to get through life without
generalizations.
– What is the difference between “generalizing” and
“stereotyping”?
--ORGANIZATION-• STEREOTYPING
– Is often based on easily recognized characteristics
(physical) that cannot be accurate predictors of
behavior
– Ascribes a set of characteristics to most or all
members of a category (old people…men…)
– Apply a set of expectations when meeting a
member of the group.
Is it stereotyping or generalizing?
• Why is it of value to work against
stereotyping?
• How can we use generalizing to “organize our
world” without slipping into stereotyping?
– Watch video
– In what way might such organizing (generalizing)
enhance relationships? Interfere with
relationships?
(perception) INTERPRETATION
• FIRST WE SELECT…
• THEN WE ORGANIZE…
• THEN WE INTERPRET (ASSIGN MEANING)
(perception) INTERPRETATION
• HOW DO WE ASSIGN MEANING?
• (DON’T MEORIZE THESE…JUST THINK ABOUT
THEM)
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Degree of involvement with the other person
Personal experience (based on similar events)
Assumptions about human behavior
Attitudes
Expectations
Knowledge
Self-concept
Relational satisfaction
(perception) INTERPRETATION
• Sometimes we ORGANIZE FIRST
• THEN INTERPRET
• THEN SELECT…
• IT’S NOT a sequential process.
(perception) NEGOTIATION
• “Sense making” happens when we try to
influence each other’s perceptions.
• Communication is an exchange of “stories” or
n _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
• Narratives!
• Virtually all situations can be described by
more than one narrative.